{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T22:09:42Z","timestamp":1785190182853,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaapos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T12:18:19Z","timestamp":1626178699000},"page":"203.e1-203.e11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A prospective study of treatments for adult-onset divergence insufficiency\u2013type esotropia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Eric R.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevano W.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond T.","family":"Kraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney L.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kammi B.","family":"Gunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael X.","family":"Repka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monte A.","family":"Del Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason H.","family":"Peragallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maynard B.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David K.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.09.006","article-title":"Prevalence of sagging eye syndrome in adults with binocular diplopia","volume":"209","author":"Goseki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.10.030","article-title":"Incidence, types, and lifetime risk of adult-onset strabismus","volume":"121","author":"Martinez-Thompson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib3","first-page":"36","article-title":"\u201cHeavy Eye\u201d syndrome in the absence of high myopia: a connective tissue degeneration in elderly strabismic patients","volume":"13","author":"Rutar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib4","first-page":"117","article-title":"Adult-onset chronic divergence insufficiency esotropia: clinical features and response to surgery","volume":"20","author":"Ridley-Lane","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession for divergence insufficiency pattern esotropia","volume":"9","author":"Bothun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198606000-00006","article-title":"Divergence insufficiency: characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"63","author":"Scheiman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20120221-02","article-title":"Effectiveness of prisms in the management of diplopia in patients due to diverse etiologies","volume":"49","author":"Tamhankar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib8","first-page":"136","article-title":"Divergence insufficiency: a clinical study","volume":"35","author":"Prangen Ade","year":"1937","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-303139","article-title":"Distance esotropia in the elderly","volume":"97","author":"Godts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib10","series-title":"Clinical management of strabismus","author":"Caloroso","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib11","first-page":"359","article-title":"Divergence insufficiency","volume":"4","author":"Thomas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-013-2313-8","article-title":"Unilateral lateral rectus resection for horizontal diplopia in adults with divergence insufficiency","volume":"251","author":"Stager","year":"2013","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1389","article-title":"Medial rectus recession is as effective as lateral rectus resection in divergence paralysis esotropia","volume":"130","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00724-1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of divergence weakness in adults","volume":"106","author":"Wiggins","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib15","first-page":"152","article-title":"Primary divergence insufficiency","volume":"71","author":"Simpson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.12.032","article-title":"Quantifying diplopia with a questionnaire","volume":"120","author":"Holmes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.08.043","article-title":"Development of a quality-of-life questionnaire for adults with strabismus","volume":"116","author":"Hatt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2630","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8308","article-title":"Evaluation of the Adult Strabismus-20 (AS-20) questionnaire using Rasch analysis","volume":"53","author":"Leske","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.5.1.11","article-title":"Lookup tables versus stacked Rasch analysis in comparing pre- and postintervention Adult Strabismus-20 data","volume":"5","author":"Leske","year":"2016","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib20","first-page":"370","article-title":"Characteristics and surgical results in patients with age-related divergence insufficiency esotropia","volume":"18","author":"Repka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.12.029","article-title":"Incorporating health-related quality of life into the assessment of outcome following strabismus surgery","volume":"164","author":"Hatt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014_bib22","first-page":"319.e1","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the revised diplopia questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"Mansukhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0AAPOS"}],"container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853121001774?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853121001774?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T20:25:11Z","timestamp":1761078311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1091853121001774"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1091853121001774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.740489006.793587997","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1091-8531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-8531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A prospective study of treatments for adult-onset divergence insufficiency\u2013type esotropia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.02.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}