{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:17:46Z","timestamp":1788383866108,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["unrestricted grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrestricted grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Core Grant P30 EY010572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Core Grant P30 EY010572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006668","name":"Oregon Health &amp; Science University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jaapos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:28:43Z","timestamp":1785281323000},"page":"104911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric eye conditions detected by a school-based photoscreening in American Samoa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Caleb","family":"Reznick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Reznick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruta","family":"Ropeti-Talatau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ipuniuesea","family":"Eliapo-Unutoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anaise","family":"Uso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusty","family":"Gronemyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joey","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Steffany-Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6836-2695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kellyn N.","family":"Bellsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.819998","article-title":"The global prevalence of amblyopia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268800","article-title":"The prevalence and causes of pediatric uncorrected refractive error: pooled data from population studies for global burden of disease (GBD) sub-regions","volume":"17","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4103\/nmj.NMJ_89_19","article-title":"Academic implications of uncorrected refractive error: a study of Sokoto Metropolitan schoolchildren","volume":"60","author":"Olatunji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16484-z","article-title":"The impact of spectacle correction on the well-being of children with vision impairment due to uncorrected refractive error: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Pirindhavellie","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1985.tb06814.x","article-title":"Prevalence of myopia in school children in Vanuatu","volume":"63","author":"Garner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02468.x","article-title":"Vision screening of children attending primary school in rural Timor-Leste","volume":"39","author":"Ramke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb00857.x","article-title":"Ocular dimensions and refractive power in Malay and Melanesian children","volume":"10","author":"Garner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2007.01556.x","article-title":"Eye disease and care at hospital clinics in Cook Islands, Fiji, Samoa and Tonga","volume":"35","author":"Ramke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib9","author":"Abraham"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2011.05.023","article-title":"Validation of plusoptiX S04 photoscreener as a vision screening tool in children with intellectual disability","volume":"15","author":"Ugurbas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S382899","article-title":"The UCI EyeMobile Preschool Vision Screening Program: refractive error and amblyopia results from the 2019-2020 school year","volume":"16","author":"Hunter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2010.09.015","article-title":"Screening for refractive errors in children: the plusoptiX S08 and the Retinomax K-plus2 performed by a lay screener compared to cycloplegic retinoscopy","volume":"14","author":"Paff","year":"2010","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14144","article-title":"Plusoptix photoscreener use for paediatric vision screening in Flanders and Iran","volume":"98","author":"Bostamzad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2046_19","article-title":"To assess the accuracy of Plusoptix S12-C photoscreener in detecting amblyogenic risk factors in children aged 6 months to 6 years in remote areas of South India","volume":"68","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2019.04.003","article-title":"Referral to community care from school-based eye care programs in the United States","volume":"64","author":"Shakarchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20190702-01","article-title":"How many Plusoptix S04 measures yield the most sensitive amblyopia screening?","volume":"56","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2021.09.009","article-title":"AAPOS uniform guidelines for instrument-based pediatric vision screen validation 2021","volume":"26","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/09286580600719055","article-title":"Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study: design and methods","volume":"13","author":"Varma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.10.030","article-title":"American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern Pediatric Ophthalmology\/Strabismus Panel. Pediatric Eye Evaluations Preferred Practice Pattern","volume":"130","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.12.030","article-title":"Prevalence of refractive error among preschool children in an urban population: the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study","volume":"116","author":"Giordano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12958","article-title":"Evaluation of vision screening of 5-15-year-old children in three Tongan schools: comparison of the Auckland Optotypes and Lea symbols","volume":"103","author":"Hamm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(96)30753-7","article-title":"Baltimore Vision Screening Project","volume":"103","author":"Preslan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.06.038","article-title":"Prevalence of astigmatism in 6- to 72-month-old African American and Hispanic children: the Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study","volume":"118","author":"Fozailoff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6061","article-title":"Prevalence of corneal astigmatism in Tohono O\u2019odham Native American children 6 months to 8 years of age","volume":"52","author":"Harvey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2017.08.009","article-title":"Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Hashemi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Curr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055112","article-title":"Prevalence of strabismus among preschool children in eastern China and comparison at a 5-year interval: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721221099777","article-title":"Photoscreening for amblyopia risk factors assessment in young children: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Ferreira","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1465_18","article-title":"Comparison of Plusoptix S12R photoscreener with cycloplegic retinoscopy and autorefraction in pediatric age group","volume":"67","author":"Saini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911_bib30","first-page":"310","article-title":"A comparison of plusoptiX A12 measurements with cycloplegic refraction","volume":"20","author":"Fogel-Levin","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAAPOS"}],"container-title":["Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853126001849?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1091853126001849?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:39:03Z","timestamp":1788381543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1091853126001849"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1091853126001849"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911","relation":{},"ISSN":["1091-8531"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1091-8531","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pediatric eye conditions detected by a school-based photoscreening in American Samoa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaapos.2026.104911","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104911"}}