{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:50:42Z","timestamp":1793832642355,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL169171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL169171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL69954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL69954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006093","name":"Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HM-2022C2-28354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HM-2022C2-28354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005326","name":"Yale University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20042801-Sub01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20042801-Sub01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL151240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL151240"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Advances"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T16:44:15Z","timestamp":1747241055000},"page":"101785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race\/Ethnicity, 1999-2018"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5264-2169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xumin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuntian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Caraballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisy","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiwani","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Spatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeph","family":"Herrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harlan M.","family":"Krumholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.034","article-title":"The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Mottillo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib2","article-title":"Trends in Obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study","volume":"372","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.13.1549","article-title":"Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004","volume":"295","author":"Ogden","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.9883","article-title":"Trends in prevalence of diabetes and control of risk factors in diabetes among US adults, 1999-2018","volume":"326","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.14545","article-title":"Trends in blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension, 1999-2000 to 2017-2018","volume":"324","author":"Muntner","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2019.02.012","article-title":"Secular trends in the association between obesity and hypertension among adults in the United States, 1999\u20132014","volume":"62","author":"Ryu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-0879","article-title":"Persistent increase of prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among U.S. Adults: NHANES III to NHANES 1999\u20132006","volume":"34","author":"Mozumdar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.064","article-title":"Prevalence and trends of Metabolic Syndrome in the adult U.S. population, 1999-2010","volume":"62","author":"Beltran-Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-014-0449-5","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and obesity-associated hypertension in the racial ethnic minorities of the United States","volume":"16","author":"Falkner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2014.0055","article-title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and individual criterion in US adolescents: 2001-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"12","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4260","article-title":"Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012","volume":"313","author":"Aguilar","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.01.139","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in the United States 2007-2014","volume":"259","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.05.006","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrepancies in the Metabolic Syndrome begin in childhood and persist after adjustment for environmental factors","volume":"22","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.10.006","article-title":"An examination of sex and racial\/ethnic differences in the Metabolic Syndrome among adults: a confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score","volume":"63","author":"Gurka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib16","series-title":"NHANES Response Rates and Population Totals. Centers for Disease Control","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib18","series-title":"Laboratory Procedure Manual","author":"Walsh","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd14.160287","article-title":"Metabolic Syndrome prevalence by race\/ethnicity and sex in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-2012","volume":"14","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22370","article-title":"Trends in lipids, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and diabetes mellitus in the United States: an NHANES analysis (2003-2004 to 2013-2014)","volume":"27","author":"Palmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4501","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016","volume":"323","author":"Hirode","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2023.02.007","article-title":"20-Year trends in Metabolic Syndrome among Korean adults from 2001 to 2020","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.657627","article-title":"Serum concentrations of uric acid and the Metabolic Syndrome among US children and adolescents","volume":"115","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2022.04.010","article-title":"Temporal trends in racial and ethnic disparities in multimorbidity prevalence in the United States, 1999-2018","volume":"135","author":"Caraballo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the Metabolic Syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2007.48","article-title":"Altered relationship of blood pressure to adiposity in Hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Kotchen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["JACC: Advances"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772963X25002030?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772963X25002030?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:38:56Z","timestamp":1762648736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772963X25002030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772963X25002030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-963X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-963X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends in Prevalence, Treatment, and Relationship of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components by Race\/Ethnicity, 1999-2018","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Advances","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101785","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101785"}}