{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:01:58Z","timestamp":1791554518875,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]],"date-time":"2018-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Basic to Translational Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,30]],"date-time":"2018-05-30T02:15:57Z","timestamp":1527646557000},"page":"294-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["3D Printing is a Transformative Technology in Congenital Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shafkat","family":"Anwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautam K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Billadello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirooz","family":"Eghtesady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela K.","family":"Woodard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib1","unstructured":"Manyika J, Chui M, Bughin J, Dobbs R, Bisson P. Disruptive Technologies: Advances That Will Transform Life, Business, and the Global Economy. McKinsey Global Institute, 2013. Available at: https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/digital-mckinsey\/our-insights\/disruptive-technologies. Accessed November 2, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-016-0236-4","article-title":"3D-printing techniques in a medical setting: a systematic literature review","volume":"15","author":"Tack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2048004016645467","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of image segmentation methodology, used in the\u00a0additive manufacture of patient-specific 3D printed models of the cardiovascular system","volume":"5","author":"Byrne","year":"2016","journal-title":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.12.001","article-title":"Cardiac 3D printing and its future directions","volume":"10","author":"Vukicevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib5","first-page":"e21","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee","volume":"119","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.e32","article-title":"Racial and temporal variations in the prevalence of heart defects","volume":"107","author":"Botto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01272-4","article-title":"Task force 1: the changing profile of congenital heart disease in adult life","volume":"37","author":"Warnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib8","first-page":"III136","article-title":"Survival after reconstructive surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"102 Suppl 3","author":"Mahle","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012033","article-title":"Achievements in congenital heart defect surgery: a prospective, 40-year study of 7038 patients","volume":"131","author":"Erikssen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2376","article-title":"Mortality associated with congenital heart defects in the United States","volume":"103","author":"Boneva","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.946343","article-title":"Temporal trends in survival to adulthood among patients born with congenital heart disease from 1970 to 1992 in Belgium","volume":"122","author":"Moons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00498-2","article-title":"Stereolithographic biomodeling to create tangible hard copies of cardiac structures from echocardiographic data: in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo validation","volume":"35","author":"Binder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-6111(01)00020-9","article-title":"Graphical and stereolithographic models of the developing human heart lumen","volume":"25","author":"Pentecost","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.02.047","article-title":"The rapid prototyping of anatomic models in pulmonary atresia","volume":"132","author":"Ngan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mat.0000217962.98619.ab","article-title":"Development of patient-specific three-dimensional pediatric cardiac models","volume":"52","author":"Noecker","year":"2006","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib16","first-page":"4472","article-title":"A\u00a0beating heart model 3D printed from specific patient data","volume":"2007","author":"Markert","year":"2007","journal-title":"Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2016.3002","article-title":"Advances in 3-dimensional printing in otolaryngology: a review","volume":"143","author":"VanKoevering","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.03.013","article-title":"3D printing in complex congenital heart disease: across a spectrum of age, pathology, and imaging techniques","volume":"10","author":"Anwar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-015-1244-z","article-title":"Application of virtual three-dimensional models for simultaneous visualization of intracardiac anatomic relationships in double outlet right ventricle","volume":"37","author":"Farooqi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib20","first-page":"301","article-title":"3D printing to guide ventricular assist device placement in adults with congenital heart disease and heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Farooqi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.04.030","article-title":"A\u00a0novel approach to neonatal management of tetralogy of Fallot, with pulmonary atresia, and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals","volume":"8","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003232","article-title":"A\u00a0new classification of three-dimensional printing technologies: systematic review of three-dimensional printing for patient-specific craniomaxillofacial surgery","volume":"139","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.07.038","article-title":"Are virtual planning and guided surgery for head and neck reconstruction economically viable?","volume":"73","author":"Zweifel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib24","series-title":"Rapid Prototyping in Cardiac Disease","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-016-0942-3","article-title":"Structural and congenital heart disease interventions: the role of three-dimensional printing","volume":"25","author":"Meier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neth Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.170","article-title":"Applications of 3D printing in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib27","series-title":"3D Printing Technologies, Vol. 3","author":"Mitsouras","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib28","series-title":"Rapid Prototyping in Cardiac Disease","first-page":"41","article-title":"Rapid prototyping technologies","author":"Borrello","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e608","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020735","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing as an aid in transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defect with rim deficiency: in\u00a0vitro trial occlusion based on a personalized heart model","volume":"133","author":"Chaowu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-016-1489-1","article-title":"Utility and scope of rapid prototyping in patients with complex muscular ventricular septal defects or double-outlet right ventricle: does it alter management decisions?","volume":"38","author":"Bhatla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135116645604","article-title":"Clinical application and multidisciplinary assessment of three dimensional printing in double outlet right ventricle with remote ventricular septal defect","volume":"7","author":"Garekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.003043","article-title":"Use of 3-dimensional printing to demonstrate complex intracardiac relationships in double-outlet right ventricle for surgical planning","volume":"8","author":"Farooqi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib33","article-title":"3D-printing in congenital cardiology: from flatland to spaceland","volume":"6","author":"Deferm","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Imaging Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951116000755","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of a complex CHD to plan surgical repair","volume":"26","author":"Hadeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu310","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing in cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology: a single-centre experience","volume":"47","author":"Schmauss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0004-x","article-title":"3D printing in medicine of congenital heart diseases","volume":"2","author":"Yoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"3D Printing Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.001","volume":"52","author":"Warnes","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.86.5.1501","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after the arterial switch operation for transposition: patient, support, procedural, and institutional risk factors. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society","volume":"86","author":"Kirklin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200301000-00004","article-title":"Risk factors for long intensive care unit stay after cardiopulmonary bypass in children","volume":"31","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(97)70183-1","article-title":"Fontan operation in five hundred consecutive patients: factors influencing early and late outcome","volume":"114","author":"Gentles","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00198-7","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality after the Norwood procedure","volume":"22","author":"Gaynor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.03.071","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective observational study of human factors, adverse events, and patient outcomes in surgery for pediatric cardiac disease","volume":"136","author":"Barach","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.071","article-title":"An empirically based tool for analyzing mortality associated with congenital heart surgery","volume":"138","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib45","series-title":"Rapid Prototyping in Cardiac Disease","first-page":"133","article-title":"Assessment of ventricular assist device placement and function","author":"Saeed","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.03.055","article-title":"Pediatric cardiac transplantation: three-dimensional printing of anatomic models for surgical planning of heart transplantation in patients with univentricular heart","volume":"136","author":"Sodian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-017-1564-5","article-title":"The role of 3D printing in preoperative planning for heart transplantation in complex congenital heart disease","volume":"186","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3010825","article-title":"Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients","volume":"7","author":"Morrison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1206319","article-title":"Bioresorbable airway splint created with a three-dimensional printer","volume":"368","author":"Zopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2422051994","article-title":"Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation based on rapid prototyping of right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary trunk from MR data","volume":"242","author":"Schievano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib51","series-title":"New Trends in 3D Printing","first-page":"1","article-title":"3D printing cardiovascular anatomy: a single-centre experience","author":"Biglino","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib52","first-page":"1006","article-title":"3D printed models for planning endovascular stenting in transverse aortic arch hypoplasia","volume":"85","author":"Valverde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.003561","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing for planning occlusion procedure for a double-lobed left atrial appendage","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.12.006","article-title":"Transcatheter caval valve implantation using multimodality imaging","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.192","article-title":"3D heart model guides complex stent angioplasty of pulmonary venous baffle obstruction in a Mustard repair of D-TGA","volume":"172","author":"Olivieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1676-5","article-title":"3D printed modeling of the mitral valve for catheter-based structural interventions","volume":"45","author":"Vukicevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2016.02.027","article-title":"3D printed modeling for patient-specific mitral valve intervention: repair with a clip and a plug","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003626","article-title":"Replicating patient-specific severe aortic valve stenosis with functional 3D modeling","volume":"8","author":"Maragiannis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib59","first-page":"1074","article-title":"The role of 3-D heart models in planning and executing interventional procedures","volume":"33","author":"Grant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib60","first-page":"280","article-title":"Outcomes of congenital heart disease: a review","volume":"30","author":"Green","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951107001199","article-title":"Caring for adults with congenital cardiac disease: successes and challenges for 2007 and beyond","volume":"17","author":"Dearani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.030","article-title":"COCATS 4 Task Force 14: training in the care of adult patients with congenital heart disease","volume":"65","author":"Warnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.074","article-title":"Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on research in adult congenital heart disease","volume":"47","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085","article-title":"Changing mortality in congenital heart disease","volume":"56","author":"Khairy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.05.060","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac reoperations","volume":"88","author":"Giamberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.03.102","article-title":"Risk factors and early outcomes of multiple reoperations in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"92","author":"Holst","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.12.009","article-title":"Reoperative multivalve surgery in adult congenital heart disease","volume":"95","author":"Holst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib68","series-title":"Rapid Prototyping in Cardiac Disease","first-page":"99","article-title":"Adult congenital heart disease","author":"Anwar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.03.011","article-title":"The practical clinical value of three-dimensional models of complex congenitally malformed hearts","volume":"138","author":"Riesenkampff","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.007","article-title":"Scan, plan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensional printed model in adult cardiac surgery","volume":"153","author":"Hermsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.12.016","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of intracardiac defects from three-dimensional echocardiographic images: feasibility and relative accuracy","volume":"28","author":"Olivieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.12.054","article-title":"Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models","volume":"153","author":"Yoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2923-z","article-title":"The role of simulation in neurosurgery","volume":"32","author":"Rehder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"Suppl 33","key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib74","first-page":"S801","article-title":"3D printing in neurosurgery: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Randazzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007165","article-title":"3D-manufactured\u00a0patient-specific models of congenital heart defects for communication in clinical practice: feasibility and acceptability","volume":"5","author":"Biglino","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.04.010","article-title":"Understanding spatially complex segmental and branch anatomy using 3D printing: liver, lung, prostate, coronary arteries, and circle of Willis","volume":"23","author":"Javan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib77","article-title":"3D-printing of arteriovenous malformations for radiosurgical treatment: pushing anatomy understanding to real boundaries","volume":"8","author":"Conti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12238","article-title":"Incorporating three-dimensional printing into a simulation-based congenital heart disease and critical care training curriculum for resident physicians","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Congenit Heart Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2007.023903","article-title":"Beyond \u201csee one, do one, teach one\u201d: toward a different training paradigm","volume":"85","author":"Rodriguez-Paz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318287a0b3","article-title":"Application of the \u201csee one, do one, teach one\u201d concept in surgical training","volume":"131","author":"Kotsis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1278295","article-title":"Three-dimensional aortic aneurysm model and endovascular repair: an educational tool for surgical trainees","volume":"17","author":"Wilasrusmee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppedcard.2011.12.015","article-title":"Web based \u201cglobal virtual museum of congenital cardiac pathology.\u201d","volume":"33","author":"Giroud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951116001803","article-title":"Training fellows in paediatric cardiac surgery","volume":"26","author":"Jonas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib84","unstructured":"Bramlet M, Dori Y, Olivieri LJ. NIH 3D Print Exchange. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Available at: https:\/\/3dprint.nih.gov\/collections\/heart-library. Accessed June 28,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17728","article-title":"New frontiers of medical illustration","volume":"316","author":"Bucher","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib86","first-page":"22","article-title":"Investigating interpersonal competencies of cardiac surgery teams","volume":"49","author":"Fleming","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200402000-00019","article-title":"Communication failures: an insidious contributor to medical mishaps","volume":"79","author":"Sutcliffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib88","series-title":"The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care","first-page":"87","article-title":"The heart team in acute cardiac care","author":"Kappetein","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2009.68","article-title":"Three-dimensional educational computer model of the larynx: voicing a new direction","volume":"135","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-015-1632-2","article-title":"Personalized 3D printed model of kidney and tumor anatomy: a useful tool for patient education","volume":"34","author":"Bernhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R57","DOI":"10.1530\/ERP-16-0036","article-title":"Making three-dimensional echocardiography more tangible: a workflow for three-dimensional printing with echocardiographic data","volume":"3","author":"Mashari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Echo Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.142063","article-title":"Echocardiography derived three- dimensional printing of normal and abnormal mitral annuli","volume":"17","author":"Kapur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.06.020","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of mitral valve using echocardiographic data","volume":"8","author":"Mahmood","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.04.094","article-title":"Three-dimensional ultrasound-derived physical mitral valve modeling","volume":"98","author":"Witschey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew215","article-title":"3D printing of normal and pathologic tricuspid valves from transthoracic 3D echocardiography data sets","volume":"18","author":"Muraru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-014-9761-5","article-title":"Ultrasound-derived three-dimensional printing in congenital heart disease","volume":"28","author":"Samuel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Digit Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.03.015","article-title":"Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in a native outflow tract","volume":"7","author":"Poterucha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-016-9879-8","article-title":"Integration of computed tomography and three-dimensional echocardiography for hybrid three-dimensional printing in congenital heart disease","volume":"29","author":"Gosnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Digit Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P198","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-17-S1-P198","article-title":"Co-registration of 3D echo and MR data to create physical models of congenital heart malformations","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Magn Resonan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2016.06.006","article-title":"Dual-material 3D printed metamaterials with tunable mechanical properties for patient-specific tissue-mimicking phantoms","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2015.11.022","article-title":"Controlling the mechanical behavior of dual-material 3D printed meta-materials for patient-specific tissue-mimicking phantoms","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.08.001","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging of flow and vascular function in disease of the aorta","volume":"8","author":"Whitlock","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.10.061807.160521","article-title":"Patient-specific modeling of cardiovascular mechanics","volume":"11","author":"Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib104","series-title":"New Trends in 3D Printing","article-title":"3D-printed models applied in medical research studies","author":"Santos dos","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.03.014","article-title":"3-dimensional printing of models to create custom-made devices for coil embolization of an anastomotic leak after aortic arch replacement","volume":"88","author":"Sodian","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2015.12.004","article-title":"3D printing based on cardiac CT assists anatomic visualization prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"10","author":"Ripley","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib107","first-page":"A18647","article-title":"Functional evaluation of a patient-specific 3D printed model of aortic regurgitation (abstr)","volume":"132","author":"Vukicevic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0284-7","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro validation of finite element analysis of blood flow in deformable models","volume":"39","author":"Kung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib109","article-title":"Effect of varying hemodynamic and vascular conditions on fractional flow reserve: an in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"5","author":"Kolli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv320","article-title":"Three-dimensional printed prototypes refine the anatomy of post-modified Norwood-1 complex aortic arch obstruction and allow presurgical simulation of the repair","volume":"22","author":"Kiraly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1607-5","article-title":"State-of-the-art review of 3D bioprinting for cardiovascular tissue engineering","volume":"45","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00188","article-title":"3D bioprinting human chondrocytes with nanocellulose-alginate bioink for cartilage tissue engineering applications","volume":"16","author":"Markstedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.12.009","article-title":"Multi-layered culture of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes through three-dimensional freeform fabrication","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057741","article-title":"Tissue engineered skin substitutes created by laser-assisted bioprinting form skin-like structures in the dorsal skin fold chamber in mice","volume":"8","author":"Michael","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.11.013","article-title":"3D printed Ti6Al4V implant surface promotes bone maturation and retains a higher\u00a0density of less aged osteocytes at the bone-implant interface","volume":"30","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4007744","article-title":"3D printed bionic ears","volume":"13","author":"Mannoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34420","article-title":"3D bioprinting of heterogeneous aortic valve conduits with alginate\/gelatin hydrogels","volume":"101","author":"Duan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.10.066","article-title":"Preclinical\u00a0study of patient-specific cell-free nanofiber tissue-engineered vascular grafts using 3-dimensional printing in a sheep model","volume":"153","author":"Fukunishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.07.006","article-title":"Bioprinting a cardiac valve","volume":"33","author":"Jana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.18063\/IJB.2016.02.006","article-title":"Bioprinting in cardiovascular tissue engineering: a review","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Bioprinting"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/7\/4\/045012","article-title":"Three-dimensional bioprinting of complex cell laden alginate hydrogel structures","volume":"7","author":"Tabriz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biofabrication"}],"container-title":["JACC: Basic to Translational Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452302X1730270X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2452302X1730270X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:19:36Z","timestamp":1762820376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2452302X1730270X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2452302X1730270X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2452-302X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2452-302X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"3D Printing is a Transformative Technology in Congenital Heart Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Basic to Translational Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}