{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:41:46Z","timestamp":1790419306340,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1451,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,26]],"date-time":"2009-08-26T06:23:10Z","timestamp":1251267790000},"page":"877-885","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Microvascular Angina and the Continuing Dilemma of Chest Pain With Normal Coronary Angiograms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Richard O.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.33.6.901","article-title":"Selective cine coronary arteriography: correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients","volume":"33","author":"Proudfit","year":"1966","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80456-9","article-title":"Seven year survival of patients with normal or near normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"7","author":"Kemp","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01424-2","article-title":"Detailed angiographic analysis of women with suspected ischemic chest pain (pilot phase data from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation [WISE] Study Angiographic Core Laboratory)","volume":"87","author":"Sharaf","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196705112761904","article-title":"Paradox of normal selective coronary arteriograms in patients considered to have unmistakable coronary heart disease","volume":"276","author":"Likoff","year":"1967","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib5","first-page":"59","article-title":"The anginal syndrome with normal coronary arteriography","volume":"80","author":"Kemp","year":"1967","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(73)80150-X","article-title":"Left ventricular function in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"32","author":"Kemp","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(83)80037-0","article-title":"Angina caused by reduced vasodilator reserve of the small coronary arteries","volume":"1","author":"Cannon","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91180-0","article-title":"\u201cMicrovascular angina\u201d as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"61","author":"Cannon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.3.883","article-title":"Pathophysiological dilemma of syndrome X","volume":"85","author":"Cannon","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90060-0","article-title":"The anginal syndrome associated with normal coronary angiograms: report of a six year experience","volume":"54","author":"Kemp","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90199-0","article-title":"Chest pain with angiographically insignificant coronary arterial obstruction: clinical presentation and long-term follow-up","volume":"68","author":"Pasternak","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061112","article-title":"\u201cAngina\u201d and normal coronary arteriograms: a follow-up study","volume":"1","author":"Dart","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90546-5","article-title":"Unimproved chest pain in patients with minimal or no coronary disease: a behavioral phenomenon","volume":"108","author":"Wielgosz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(86)90378-4","article-title":"Prognostic implications of angiographically normal and insignificantly narrowed coronary arteries","volume":"58","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92591-5","article-title":"Clinical features and follow-up of patients with angina and normal coronary arteries","volume":"2","author":"Day","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011273032201","article-title":"Unexplained chest pain in patients with normal coronary arteriograms: a follow-up study of functional status","volume":"303","author":"Ockene","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(81)90088-0","article-title":"Long-term clinical course of patients with normal coronary arteriography: follow-up study of 121 patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"102","author":"Isner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130642.79868.B2","article-title":"Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease: results from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute\u2013sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib19","first-page":"H779","article-title":"Microvascular distribution of coronary vascular resistance in beating left ventricle","volume":"251","author":"Chilian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib20","first-page":"H383","article-title":"Redistribution of coronary microvascular resistance produced by dipyridamole","volume":"256","author":"Chilian","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0","article-title":"The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine","volume":"288","author":"Furchgott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/327524a0","article-title":"Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxant factor","volume":"327","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12569.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthesized from L-arginine regulates vascular tone in the coronary circulation of the rabbit","volume":"97","author":"Amezcua","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C591","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1989.256.3.C591","article-title":"Lack of endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary resistance arteries of cholesterol-fed rabbits","volume":"256","author":"Osborne","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.5.1586","article-title":"Endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation is abnormal in the coronary microcirculation of atherosclerotic primates","volume":"81","author":"Sellke","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.70.3.465","article-title":"Pathophysiological consequences of atherosclerosis extend into the coronary microcirculation","volume":"70","author":"Kuo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90865-Z","article-title":"Accumulation of an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in chronic renal failure","volume":"339","author":"Vallance","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114949","article-title":"Diet-induced atherosclerosis increases the release of nitrogen oxides from rabbit aorta","volume":"86","author":"Minor","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.391","article-title":"Modulation of coronary vasomotor tone in humans","volume":"83","author":"Zeiher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116183","article-title":"Impaired coronary blood flow response to acetylcholine in patients with coronary risk factors and proximal atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"91","author":"Egashira","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117852","article-title":"Nitric oxide in the human coronary circulation","volume":"95","author":"Quyyumi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114198","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study","volume":"141","author":"Reis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.19","article-title":"Coronary microvascular reactivity is only partially predicted by atherosclerosis risk factors or coronary artery disease in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: results from the NHLBI Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)","volume":"30","author":"Wessel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90177-5","article-title":"Abnormal autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in syndrome X","volume":"73","author":"Rosano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060742","article-title":"Autonomic balance in patients with angina and a normal coronary angiogram","volume":"16","author":"Frobert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90421-9","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia, coronary artery disease and syndrome X","volume":"23","author":"Chauhan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.1.41","article-title":"Insulin resistance syndrome as a feature of cardiological syndrome X in non-obese men","volume":"71","author":"Swan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119722","article-title":"Myocardial insulin resistance in patients with syndrome X","volume":"100","author":"Botker","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00470-7","article-title":"Enhanced activity of sodium-lithium countertransport in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"32","author":"Gaspardone","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.74.6.620","article-title":"Concentration of circulating plasma endothelin in patients with angina and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"74","author":"Kaski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00532-9","article-title":"Effects of atrial pacing on arterial and coronary sinus endothelin-1 levels in syndrome X","volume":"84","author":"Lanza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060963","article-title":"Syndrome X in women is associated with oestrogen deficiency","volume":"16","author":"Rosano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306103282302","article-title":"Evidence of impaired endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"328","author":"Egashira","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.9.2345","article-title":"Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary resistance vessels is associated with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia","volume":"91","author":"Zeiher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3390","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.10.3390","article-title":"Coronary endothelial dysfunction in humans is associated with myocardial perfusion defects","volume":"96","author":"Hasdai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2627","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.279.6.H2627","article-title":"Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage after pacing-induced tachycardia in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"279","author":"Buffon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003233421201","article-title":"Abnormal myocardial phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in women with chest pain but normal coronary angiograms","volume":"342","author":"Buchthal","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000047527.11221.29","article-title":"Detecting acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"107","author":"Kwong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012369","article-title":"Abnormal subendocardial perfusion in cardiac syndrome X detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"346","author":"Panting","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm088","article-title":"Is subendocardial ischemia present in patients with chest pain and normal coronary angiograms?","volume":"28","author":"Vermeltfoort","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm167","article-title":"Is the chest pain in cardiac syndrome X due to subendocardial ischemia?","volume":"28","author":"Camici","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(73)80130-4","article-title":"Myocardial function during atrial pacing in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"32","author":"Arbogast","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90632-J","article-title":"Coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in patients with syndrome X: response to pacing stress","volume":"17","author":"Camici","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015034","article-title":"Failure to demonstrate myocardial ischaemia in patients with angina and normal coronary arteries","volume":"17","author":"Rosano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90676-Z","article-title":"Absence of myocardial","volume":"18","author":"Nihoyannopoulos","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00481-0","article-title":"Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography","volume":"29","author":"Panza","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80122-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X","volume":"17","author":"Maseri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.16.1899","article-title":"Prognostic impact of coronary vasodilator dysfunction on adverse long-term outcome of coronary heart disease","volume":"101","author":"Schachinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.9.948","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with mild coronary artery disease and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"101","author":"Suwaidi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000025404.78001.D8","article-title":"Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction","volume":"106","author":"Halcox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000115525.92645.16","article-title":"Abnormal coronary vasomotion as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular events in women","volume":"109","author":"von Mering","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000130642.79868.B2","article-title":"Prognosis in women with myocardial ischemia in the absence of obstructive coronary disease","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6616.170-a","article-title":"Is altered cardiac sensation responsible for chest pain in patients with normal coronary arteries?","volume":"296","author":"Shapiro","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90377-2","article-title":"Abnormal cardiac pain sensitivity in patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteries","volume":"16","author":"Cannon","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.9.282","article-title":"Lower threshold for adenosine-induced chest pain in patients with angina and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"68","author":"Lagerqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.50","article-title":"Coronary vasodilator reserve, pain perception, and sex in patients with syndrome X","volume":"90","author":"Rosen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00421-X","article-title":"Role of abnormal pain sensitivity and behavioral factors in determining chest pain in syndrome X","volume":"31","author":"Pasceri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90145-4","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve, esophageal motility, and chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"88","author":"Cannon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.287.6404.1505","article-title":"Patients with angina and normal and near normal coronary arteries: clinical and psychosocial state 12 months after angiography","volume":"287","author":"Bass","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)91056-4","article-title":"Panic disorder in patients with chest pain and angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"63","author":"Beitman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01163-3","article-title":"History of anxiety disorder is associated with a decreased likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease in women with chest pain: the WISE study","volume":"37","author":"Rutledge","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.87.6.513","article-title":"Central neural contribution to the perception of chest pain in cardiac syndrome X","volume":"87","author":"Rosen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92755-3","article-title":"Central nervous pathways mediating angina pectoris","volume":"344","author":"Rosen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.6.2695","article-title":"Acute effects of nitrates on exercise testing in patients with syndrome X: clinical and pathophysiological implications","volume":"90","author":"Lanza","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00450-6","article-title":"Atenolol versus amlodipine versus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on anginal symptoms in syndrome X","volume":"84","author":"Lanza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90332-9","article-title":"Comparison of verapamil versus propranolol therapy in syndrome X","volume":"63","author":"Bugiardini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(85)90842-2","article-title":"Efficacy of calcium channel blocker therapy for angina pectoris resulting from small-vessel coronary artery disease and abnormal vasodilator reserve","volume":"56","author":"Cannon","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90750-1","article-title":"Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on exercise-induced angina and ST-segment depression in patients with microvascular angina","volume":"23","author":"Kaski","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405193302003","article-title":"Imipramine in patients with chest pain despite normal coronary angiograms","volume":"330","author":"Cannon","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.6.523","article-title":"Effect of oral aminophylline in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms (cardiac syndrome X)","volume":"77","author":"Elliott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00348-8","article-title":"17-beta-Estradiol therapy lessens angina in postmenopausal women with syndrome X","volume":"28","author":"Rosano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2123","article-title":"Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans","volume":"97","author":"Lerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00931-1","article-title":"Physical training in syndrome X: physical training counteracts deconditioning and pain in syndrome X","volume":"36","author":"Eriksson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00828-0","article-title":"Effects of transcendental meditation on symptoms and electrocardiographic changes in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"85","author":"Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005254","article-title":"A controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for non-cardiac chest pain","volume":"27","author":"Mayou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199607000-00010","article-title":"The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in syndrome X","volume":"7","author":"Sanderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199309000-00009","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms","volume":"4","author":"Eliasson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080_bib88","first-page":"25","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in patients with refractory anginal pain and normal coronary arteries","volume":"2","author":"Lanza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ital Heart J"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109709019512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109709019512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,22]],"date-time":"2019-05-22T01:21:31Z","timestamp":1558488091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109709019512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109709019512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.03.080","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}