{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:07:47Z","timestamp":1791544067411,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,22]],"date-time":"2013-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":539,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01HL098032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL098032"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RO1HL096973"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1HL096973"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["PO1HL103455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PO1HL103455"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,19]],"date-time":"2012-03-19T20:53:10Z","timestamp":1332190390000},"page":"1123-1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Gladwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandana","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709113371107","article-title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of sickle cell disease","volume":"337","author":"Bunn","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904013401307","article-title":"Management of sickle cell disease","volume":"340","author":"Steinberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804411","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease","volume":"359","author":"Gladwin","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X","article-title":"Sickle-cell disease","volume":"376","author":"Rees","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.7.2451","article-title":"Activated monocytes in sickle cell disease: potential role in the activation of vascular endothelium and vaso-occlusion","volume":"96","author":"Belcher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9225","article-title":"Hypoxia\/reoxygenation causes inflammatory response in transgenic sickle mice but not in normal mice","volume":"106","author":"Kaul","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.1.314","article-title":"Reperfusion injury pathophysiology in sickle transgenic mice","volume":"96","author":"Osarogiagbon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10726","article-title":"Sickle cell anemia as an inflammatory disease [comment]","volume":"106","author":"Platt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21475","article-title":"Vasculopathy in sickle cell disease: Biology, pathophysiology, genetics, translational medicine, and new research directions","volume":"84","author":"Kato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406093302303","article-title":"Mortality in sickle cell disease","volume":"330","author":"Platt","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-2-200801150-00004","article-title":"Daily assessment of pain in adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"148","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.07.050","article-title":"Comparisons of high versus low emergency department utilizers in sickle cell disease","volume":"53","author":"Aisiku","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib13","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Sickle cell disease in childhood: part I","volume":"62","author":"Wethers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200262080-00003","article-title":"Sickle cell anaemia: progress in pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"62","author":"Ballas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2005.1.51","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary complications of sickle cell disease: role of nitric oxide and hemolytic anemia","author":"Gladwin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807023390102","article-title":"Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography","volume":"339","author":"Adams","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.13.1645","article-title":"Effect of hydroxyurea on mortality and morbidity in adult sickle cell anemia: risks and benefits up to 9 years of treatment","volume":"289","author":"Steinberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035477","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension as a risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"350","author":"Gladwin","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21569","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary complications leading to premature deaths in adult patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"85","author":"Fitzhugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-04-282095","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and NO in sickle cell","volume":"11","author":"Gladwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0798-672","article-title":"Rate of reaction with nitric oxide determines the hypertensive effect of cell-free hemoglobin","volume":"16","author":"Doherty","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4622(02)00090-X","article-title":"Myoglobin as a model system for designing heme protein based blood substitutes","volume":"98","author":"Dou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biophys Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-799","article-title":"Cell-free hemoglobin limits nitric oxide bioavailability in sickle-cell disease","volume":"8","author":"Reiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.008698","article-title":"Nitric oxide scavenging by red blood cell microparticles and cell-free hemoglobin as a mechanism for the red cell storage lesion","volume":"124","author":"Donadee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.1.81","article-title":"Dysregulated arginine metabolism, hemolysis-associated pulmonary hypertension, and mortality in sickle cell disease","volume":"294","author":"Morris","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005565","article-title":"A hemodynamic study of pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease","volume":"365","author":"Parent","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06110.x","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease: a longitudinal study","volume":"134","author":"Ataga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-09-244830","article-title":"High levels of placenta growth factor in sickle cell disease promote pulmonary hypertension","volume":"116","author":"Sundaram","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2006.07.001","article-title":"Deconstructing sickle cell disease: reappraisal of the role of hemolysis in the development of clinical subphenotypes","volume":"21","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2373","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase as a biomarker of hemolysis-associated nitric oxide resistance, priapism, leg ulceration, pulmonary hypertension, and death in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"107","author":"Kato","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.3.310","article-title":"N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels and risk of death in sickle cell disease","volume":"296","author":"Machado","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.13812","article-title":"Elevated tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: association with hemolysis and hemoglobin oxygen desaturation","volume":"94","author":"Minniti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21952","article-title":"Reconstructing sickle cell disease: a data-based analysis of the \u201chyperhemolysis paradigm\u201d for pulmonary hypertension from the perspective of evidence-based medicine","volume":"86","author":"Hebbel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-02-268193","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and nitric oxide depletion in sickle cell disease","volume":"116","author":"Bunn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06074.x","article-title":"Sickle cell leg ulcers: associations with haemolysis and SNPs in Klotho, TEK and genes of the TGF-beta\/BMP pathway","volume":"133","author":"Nolan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1594","article-title":"Hemolysis associated priapism in sickle cell disease","volume":"106","author":"Nolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21058","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension associated with sickle cell disease: clinical and laboratory endpoints and disease outcomes","volume":"83","author":"De Castro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-009-0764-0","article-title":"Echocardiographic findings in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"89","author":"Naoman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9018-x","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease","volume":"29","author":"Onyekwere","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-05-221333","article-title":"The effect of prolonged administration of hydroxyurea on morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell syndromes: results of a 17-year, single-center trial (LaSHS)","volume":"115","author":"Voskaridou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V114.22.1541.1541","article-title":"NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide levels and the risk of stroke and death in the cooperative study of sickle cell disease","volume":"114","author":"Machado","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-09-306167","article-title":"Hospitalization for pain in patients with sickle cell disease treated with sildenafil for elevated TRV and low exercise capacity","volume":"118","author":"Machado","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00134410","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by right heart catheterization in sickle cell disease","volume":"39","author":"Fonseca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.05.010","volume":"23","author":"Rudski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.032920","article-title":"Echocardiographic markers of elevated pulmonary pressure and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction are associated with exercise intolerance in adults and adolescents with homozygous sickle cell anemia in the United States and United Kingdom","volume":"124","author":"Sachdev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.358","article-title":"Mortality in adults with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension","author":"Mehari","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib47","first-page":"129","article-title":"Pulmonary complications in adult sickle cell disease","volume":"28","author":"Maitre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Mal Respir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200610-1498OC","article-title":"Hemodynamic and functional assessment of patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"175","author":"Anthi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06417.x","article-title":"Severity of pulmonary hypertension during vaso-occlusive pain crisis and exercise in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"136","author":"Machado","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200710-1606OC","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale during severe acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease","volume":"177","author":"Mekontso Dessap","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00221","article-title":"Systematic review: hydroxyurea for the treatment of adults with sickle cell disease","volume":"148","author":"Lanzkron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-12-200806170-00220","article-title":"National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement: hydroxyurea treatment for sickle cell disease","volume":"148","author":"Brawley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08097.x","article-title":"Exercise capacity and haemodynamics in patients with sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension treated with bosentan: results of the ASSET studies","volume":"149","author":"Barst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07906.x","article-title":"Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary hypertension in adult patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"147","author":"Minniti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716373","article-title":"Sildenafil improves exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with systolic heart failure and secondary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"116","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.626226","article-title":"Sildenafil improves exercise hemodynamics and oxygen uptake in patients with systolic heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05625.x","article-title":"Sildenafil therapy in patients with sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension","volume":"130","author":"Machado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050010","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"353","author":"Galie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct0904473","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"361","author":"Archer","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.10.058","article-title":"Likelihood of tadalafil-associated adverse events in integrated multiclinical trial database: classification tree analysis in men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"73","author":"Brock","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(72)90445-0","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of anemia","volume":"83","author":"Varat","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.5.1169","article-title":"Cardiac abnormalities in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"98","author":"Lester","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108079","article-title":"Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle","volume":"56","author":"Grossman","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(76)90568-4","article-title":"Evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with sickle cell anemia","volume":"60","author":"Gerry","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90952-6","article-title":"Left ventricular filling in sickle cell anemia","volume":"61","author":"Balfour","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22587","article-title":"Ventricular diastolic dysfunction in sickle cell anemia is common but not associated with myocardial iron deposition","volume":"55","author":"Hankins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-06-227447","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in children with sickle cell disease are related to asleep and waking oxygen desaturation","volume":"116","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.06.001","article-title":"Evaluation of 107 patients with sickle cell anemia through tissue Doppler and myocardial performance index","volume":"21","author":"Caldas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.09.038","article-title":"Diastolic dysfunction is an independent risk factor for death in patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"49","author":"Sachdev","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21016","article-title":"Relative systemic hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease is associated with risk of pulmonary hypertension and renal insufficiency","volume":"83","author":"Gordeuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.032920","article-title":"Echocardiographic markers of elevated pulmonary pressure and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction are associated with exercise intolerance in adults and adolescents with homozygous sickle cell anemia in the United States and United Kingdom","volume":"124","author":"Sachdev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0948","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: cardiac catheterization results and survival","volume":"101","author":"Castro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2008.11.023","article-title":"Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography","volume":"22","author":"Nagueh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.661983","article-title":"Utility of Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging in the estimation of diastolic function in heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a comparative Doppler-conductance catheterization study","volume":"116","author":"Kasner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib75","first-page":"B18","article-title":"A lower tissue Doppler E\/Ea threshold predicts elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in sickle cell patients (abstr)","volume":"24","author":"Hannoush","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1214","article-title":"The heart in sickle cell anemia","volume":"108","author":"Covitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.04.034","article-title":"Prospective echocardiography assessment of pulmonary hypertension and its potential etiologies in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"104","author":"Dham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960061105","article-title":"A noninvasive comparison of left ventricular performance in sickle cell anemia and chronic aortic regurgitation","volume":"6","author":"Willens","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(83)90208-4","article-title":"Cardiac function in sickle cell anemia","volume":"51","author":"Denenberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10154","article-title":"Cardiac abnormalities in children with sickle cell anemia","volume":"70","author":"Batra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.005","article-title":"Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients using the end-systolic wall stress-velocity of circumferential fiber shortening relationship","volume":"47","author":"Lamers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1179\/1465328110Y.0000000006","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia in sickle cell anaemia: evaluation using a new scoring system","volume":"31","author":"Bode-Thomas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0b013e3181668ac3","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction in sickle cell disease: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Pannu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Pathw Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60114-7","article-title":"Myocardial infarction in sickle-cell disease","volume":"369","author":"Pavlu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E183","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.2.e183","article-title":"Myocardial infarction and transient ventricular dysfunction in an adolescent with sickle cell disease","volume":"111","author":"Deymann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20385","article-title":"Myocardial injury or infarction associated with fat embolism in sickle cell disease: a report of three cases with survival","volume":"80","author":"Dang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960060707","article-title":"Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring in patients with sickle-cell anemia during pain crisis","volume":"6","author":"Maisel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib88","first-page":"209","article-title":"Sickle cell anemia: does myocardial ischemia occur during crisis?","volume":"83","author":"Norris","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.027326","article-title":"Myocardial ischaemia in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"89","author":"de Montalembert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s002469900447","article-title":"Transient left ventricular dysfunction in childhood sickle cell disease","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2002036","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary responses to exercise in women with sickle cell anemia","volume":"165","author":"Callahan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200307-957OC","article-title":"Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"169","author":"Barst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.166.1.at1102","article-title":"ATS statement: guidelines for the six-min walk test","volume":"166","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20685","article-title":"Circumstances of death in adult sickle cell disease patients","volume":"81","author":"Darbari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2009.01345.x","article-title":"Absence of cardiac siderosis by MRI T2* despite transfusion burden, hepatic and serum iron overload in Lebanese patients with sickle cell disease","volume":"83","author":"Inati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-06-1919","article-title":"Myocardial iron loading in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease","volume":"103","author":"Wood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct1004810","article-title":"Iron-chelating therapy for transfusional iron overload","volume":"364","author":"Brittenham","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.874487","article-title":"Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance for prediction of cardiac complications in thalassemia major","volume":"120","author":"Kirk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20539","article-title":"Prolonged QT interval in pediatric sickle cell disease","volume":"47","author":"Mueller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21973","article-title":"Prolonged QTc interval in children and young adults with sickle cell disease at steady state","volume":"52","author":"Liem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/01.paf.0000257397.92466.50","article-title":"Sickle cell lung disease and sudden death: a retrospective\/prospective study of 21 autopsy cases and literature review","volume":"28","author":"Graham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04594.x","article-title":"Causes of death in sickle cell disease: an autopsy study","volume":"123","author":"Manci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1053\/hupa.2002.128059","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell hemoglobinopathy: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases","volume":"33","author":"Haque","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689308600822","article-title":"Sudden death in sickle cell disease","volume":"86","author":"Liesner","year":"1993","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510971200191X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510971200191X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:50:14Z","timestamp":1760014214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S073510971200191X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S073510971200191X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Sickle Cell Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.10.900","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}