{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:31:45Z","timestamp":1787502705356,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,24]],"date-time":"2018-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":388,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,16]],"date-time":"2017-01-16T18:21:08Z","timestamp":1484590868000},"page":"291-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sunil K.","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faye L.","family":"Norby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Whitsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed Z.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura R.","family":"Loehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Fuster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Heiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Coresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib1","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142016 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.009035","article-title":"Absolute and attributable risks of atrial fibrillation in relation to optimal and borderline risk factors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"123","author":"Huxley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.825380","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation: report from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop","volume":"119","author":"Benjamin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/15.suppl_A.9","article-title":"Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a disorder of autonomic tone?","volume":"15 Suppl A","author":"Coumel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)91070-X","article-title":"Components of heart rate variability\u2013what they really mean and what we really measure","volume":"72","author":"Malik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.303772","article-title":"Role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation: pathophysiology and therapy","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.784272","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation: autonomic mechanism for atrial electrical remodeling induced by short-term rapid atrial pacing","volume":"1","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000018443.44005.D8","article-title":"Autonomic tone variations before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"105","author":"Bettoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00955-0","article-title":"Competing autonomic mechanisms precede the onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"42","author":"Amar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.12.016","article-title":"2012 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design","volume":"9","author":"Calkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-474X.2004.93550.x","article-title":"Is baseline autonomic tone associated with new onset atrial fibrillation? Insights from the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12402","article-title":"Heart rate variability findings as a predictor of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged population","volume":"25","author":"Perkiomaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79030","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079030","article-title":"Orthostatic change in blood pressure and incidence of atrial fibrillation: results from a bi-ethnic population based study","volume":"8","author":"Agarwal","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib14","first-page":"687","article-title":"The ARIC investigators","volume":"129","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0012","article-title":"A\u00a0computer algorithm to impute interrupted heart rate data for the spectral analysis of heart rate variability\u2013the ARIC study","volume":"29","author":"Liao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comput Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80260-4","article-title":"Age, race, and sex differences in autonomic cardiac function measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability\u2013the ARIC study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities","volume":"76","author":"Liao","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib17","series-title":"The ARIC Manuals of Operation: no. 11. Sitting blood pressure and postural changes in blood pressure and heart rate","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2004.04.004","article-title":"Repeatability of heart rate variability measures","volume":"37","author":"Schroeder","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Electrocardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.05.010","article-title":"Incidence of atrial fibrillation in whites and African-Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"158","author":"Alonso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868","article-title":"Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","volume":"17","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003077","article-title":"Prediction of atrial fibrillation in a racially diverse cohort: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","author":"Alonso","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.07.019","article-title":"Supine low-frequency power of heart rate variability reflects baroreflex function, not cardiac sympathetic innervation","volume":"4","author":"Moak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.795351","article-title":"Incidence of atrial fibrillation in relation to changing heart rate over time in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study","volume":"1","author":"Okin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000267","article-title":"Low heart rates predict incident atrial fibrillation in healthy middle-aged men","volume":"6","author":"Grundvold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00718-0","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with sympathetic activation","volume":"60","author":"Kalman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2007.00568.x","article-title":"Autonomic control in patients experiencing atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"30","author":"Bauernschmitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/imi.0000000000000203","article-title":"Severe cardiac autonomic derangement and altered ventricular repolarization pave the way to postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Kalisnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Innovations (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib28","series-title":"Dynamic electrocardiography","first-page":"530","article-title":"Autonomic influences of atrial fibrillation","author":"Coumel","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus341","article-title":"Heart rate variability and first cardiovascular event in populations without known cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis and dose-response meta-regression","volume":"15","author":"Hillebrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.11.1239","article-title":"Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities","volume":"102","author":"Dekker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2774","article-title":"Catheter ablation of cardiac autonomic nerves for prevention of vagal atrial fibrillation","volume":"102","author":"Schauerte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp148","article-title":"Targeted G-protein inhibition as a novel approach to decrease vagal atrial fibrillation by selective parasympathetic attenuation","volume":"83","author":"Aistrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup082","article-title":"Impact of pulmonary vein isolation on the autonomic modulation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and prolonged sinus pauses","volume":"11","author":"Miyanaga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000112641.16340.C7","article-title":"Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"109","author":"Pappone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib35","first-page":"86","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of cibenzoline administration for vagally mediated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using frequency-domain heart rate variability analysis","volume":"54","author":"Miyakoshi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.033","article-title":"Impact of epicardial anterior fat pad retention on postcardiothoracic surgery atrial fibrillation incidence: the AFIST-III Study","volume":"49","author":"White","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02261.x","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension and long-term incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Malmo Preventive Project","volume":"268","author":"Fedorowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.10.047","article-title":"Obesity, exercise, obstructive sleep apnea, and modifiable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in atrial fibrillation","volume":"66","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.033","article-title":"Marshaling the autonomic nervous system for treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"63","author":"Rajendran","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12740","article-title":"Does anterior fat pad removal reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation after CABG? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010999","article-title":"Central sympathetic inhibition to reduce postablation atrial fibrillation recurrences in hypertensive patients: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"130","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib42","first-page":"496","article-title":"Treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias through autonomic modulation","volume":"1","author":"Krul","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol EP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.006","article-title":"Autonomic nerve activity and atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109716370358?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109716370358?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:12:17Z","timestamp":1760015537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109716370358"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109716370358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.059","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}