{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:13:20Z","timestamp":1793153600634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]],"date-time":"2018-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":378,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T15:19:52Z","timestamp":1488813592000},"page":"1288-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["Diagnosing and Managing Carcinoid\u00a0Heart\u00a0Disease in Patients\u00a0With\u00a0Neuroendocrine Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Davar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi M.","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn E.","family":"Caplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Pavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Zacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Cuthbertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Dobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P.","family":"Steeds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giles","family":"Dreyfus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Pellikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Toumpanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.886846","article-title":"Features of carcinoid heart disease identified by 2- and 3-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac MRI","volume":"3","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-013-0265-2","article-title":"Carcinoid valve disease","volume":"15","author":"Askew","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.03.018","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: current understanding and future directions","volume":"167","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1159\/000335629","article-title":"ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms from the jejuno-ileum and the appendix including goblet cell carcinomas","volume":"95","author":"Pape","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2010.10.035","article-title":"Outcomes, risks and complications of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"40","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2015.06.016","article-title":"Variation in cardiac screening and management of carcinoid heart disease in the UK and Republic of Ireland","volume":"27","author":"Dobson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib7","unstructured":"Howick J, Chalmers I, Glasziou P, et\u00a0al. The 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence: Introductory Document. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Available at: http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/06\/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-Introduction-2.1.pdf. Accessed January 18,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib8","unstructured":"OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine\u2014Levels of Evidence (March 2009). Available at: http:\/\/www.cebm.net\/oxford-centre-evidence-based-medicine-levels-evidence-march-2009\/. Accessed January 11,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000381930","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: from pathophysiology to treatment\u2014'something in the way it moves.'","volume":"101","author":"Grozinsky-Glasberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib10","first-page":"827","article-title":"Cell proliferation in carcinoid valve disease: a mechanism for serotonin effects","volume":"10","author":"Rajamannan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.03.005","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT)-induced valvulopathy: compositional valvular alterations are associated with 5HT2B receptor and 5HT transporter transcript changes in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"60","author":"Elangbam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.701367","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease","volume":"116","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.4.1188","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients","volume":"87","author":"Pellikka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.2.264","article-title":"Relationship of circulating vasoactive substances to ultrasound detectable cardiac abnormalities","volume":"77","author":"Lundin","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.08.045","article-title":"Analysis of 150 patients with carcinoid syndrome seen in a single year at one institution in the first decade of the twenty-first century","volume":"101","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.468","article-title":"Serial surveillance of carcinoid heart disease: factors associated with echocardiographic progression and mortality","volume":"111","author":"Dobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.553750","article-title":"Prognosis of carcinoid heart disease: analysis of 200 cases over two decades","volume":"112","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2006.12.002","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease","volume":"49","author":"Bernheim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2010.03.011","article-title":"Cardiac computed tomography in right-sided carcinoid heart disease","volume":"104","author":"Farese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W294","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2936","article-title":"Cardiac valve disease: spectrum of findings on cardiac 64-MDCT","volume":"190","author":"Ryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-002-1806-3","article-title":"MRI and CT revealing carcinoid heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Mollet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2014.11.007","article-title":"Analysis of ventricular function by CT","volume":"9","author":"Rizvi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.10.87","article-title":"Surgery for carcinoid heart disease: current outcomes, concerns and controversies","volume":"6","author":"Raja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Future Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02109-5","article-title":"Metastatic carcinoid tumor to the heart: echocardiographic-pathologic study of 11 patients","volume":"40","author":"Pandya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073679","article-title":"The association of a panel of biomarkers with the presence and severity of carcinoid heart disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4293","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.7047","article-title":"Chromogranin-A and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide: an excellent pair of biomarkers for diagnostics in patients with neuroendocrine tumor","volume":"27","author":"Korse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601816","article-title":"Role of natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with carcinoid heart disease","volume":"90","author":"Zuetenhorst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11226","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: the role of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, transforming growth factor-beta and fibroblast growth factor","volume":"97","author":"Zuetenhorst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00354-4","article-title":"Echocardiographic and biochemical evaluation of the development and progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"32","author":"Denney","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol13020006","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of carcinoid tumours. Part 1: the gastrointestinal tract. A statement from a Canadian National Carcinoid Expert Group","volume":"13","author":"Maroun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021451","article-title":"Factors associated with progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"348","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.12.025","article-title":"Risk factors for the development and progression of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"107","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/42.4.639","article-title":"Serotonin content of foods: effect on urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid","volume":"42","author":"Feldman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0b013e31824c866e","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease","volume":"20","author":"Palaniswamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib35","series-title":"Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects","first-page":"860","author":"Marshall","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-008-0058-2","article-title":"Serotonin and migraine: a reconsideration of the central theory","volume":"9","author":"Panconesi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Headache Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563215613109","article-title":"Serum and plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as an alternative to 24-h urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurement","volume":"53","author":"Adaway","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.10.025","article-title":"Analytical and preanalytical validation of a new mass spectrometric serum 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid assay as neuroendocrine tumor marker","volume":"428","author":"Tohmola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318271c0d5","article-title":"A\u00a0single fasting plasma 5-HIAA value correlates with 24-hour urinary 5-HIAA values and other biomarkers in midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)","volume":"42","author":"Tellez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.05.047","article-title":"Usefulness of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a biomarker of the presence of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"102","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2009.70","article-title":"A\u00a0stepwise approach to the management of metastatic midgut carcinoid tumor","volume":"6","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1159\/000318014","article-title":"Activin A in carcinoid heart disease: a possible role in diagnosis and pathogenesis","volume":"92","author":"Bergestuen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000431076","article-title":"Myocardial function by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and activin A may predict mortality in patients with carcinoid intestinal disease","volume":"132","author":"Zahid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.012","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of right ventricular quantification in patients with pressure and volume overload using single-beat three-dimensional echocardiography","volume":"28","author":"Knight","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R247","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0152","article-title":"The optimal use of cardiac imaging in the quantification of carcinoid heart disease","volume":"20","author":"Dobson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1159\/000360767","article-title":"Determination of the optimal echocardiographic scoring system to quantify carcinoid heart disease","volume":"99","author":"Dobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01798.x","article-title":"Prediction of prognosis by echocardiography in patients with midgut carcinoid syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Westberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.01.017","article-title":"Echocardiographic follow-up of treated patients with carcinoid syndrome","volume":"105","author":"Mansencal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2010.08.009","article-title":"Computed tomography of cardiac and pericardiac masses","volume":"5","author":"Rajiah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.10.031","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of assessing right ventricular function with 64-section multi-detector row CT: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"139","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2016.01.003","article-title":"Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET)\u2014imaging and staging","volume":"30","author":"Baumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0108-7","article-title":"68Ga-DOTA-TOC-PET\/CT detects heart metastases from ileal neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"47","author":"Calissendorff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90344-5","article-title":"Clinical and echocardiographic comparison of patients with the carcinoid syndrome with and without carcinoid heart disease","volume":"63","author":"Himelman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8510","article-title":"Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group","volume":"27","author":"Rinke","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1316158","article-title":"Lanreotide in metastatic enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"371","author":"Caplin","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04174.x","article-title":"Review article: somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours","volume":"31","author":"Modlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300831","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (including carcinoid) tumours (NETs)","volume":"61","author":"Ramage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib58","first-page":"81","article-title":"Above-label doses of octreotide-LAR in patients with metastatic small intestinal carcinoid tumors","volume":"6","author":"Strosberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastrointest Cancer Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1159\/000051862","article-title":"Interferon in the management of neuroendocrine GEP-tumors: a review","volume":"62","author":"Oberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2006.26.8","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of pegylated IFN-alpha in patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic carcinomas","volume":"26","author":"Pavel","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000335597","article-title":"ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary","volume":"95","author":"Pavel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.8585","article-title":"90Y-Edotreotide for metastatic carcinoid refractory to octreotide","volume":"28","author":"Bushnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S710","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(16)31929-3","article-title":"6LBA: 177-Lu-Dotatate significantly improves progression-free survival in patients with midgut neuroendocrine tumours: results of the phase III NETTER-1 trial (abstr)","volume":"51","author":"Strosberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2007.09.006","article-title":"Pasireotide (SOM230): development, mechanism of action and potential applications","volume":"286","author":"Schmid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-007-0446-z","article-title":"Treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors","volume":"451","author":"Pl\u00f6ckinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-11-0367","article-title":"Pasireotide (SOM230) shows efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors refractory or resistant to octreotide LAR: results from a phase II study","volume":"19","author":"Kvols","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5075","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S84177","article-title":"Phase III study of pasireotide long-acting release in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid symptoms refractory to available somatostatin analogues","volume":"9","author":"Wolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0173","article-title":"Telotristat etiprate, a novel serotonin synthesis inhibitor, in patients with carcinoid syndrome and diarrhea not adequately controlled by octreotide","volume":"21","author":"Kulke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2247","article-title":"Telotristat etiprate for carcinoid syndrome: a single-arm, multicenter trial","volume":"100","author":"Pavel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(16)31951-7","article-title":"37LBA. Telotristat etiprate is effective in treating patients with carcinoid syndrome that is not adequately controlled by somatostatin analog therapy (the Phase 3 TELESTAR clinical trial)(abstr)","volume":"51","author":"Kulke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61742-X","article-title":"Everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumours associated with carcinoid syndrome (RADIANT-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study","volume":"378","author":"Pavel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-015-0233-2","article-title":"Symptomatic control of neuroendocrine tumours with everolimus","volume":"6","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq670","article-title":"Control of carcinoid syndrome with everolimus","volume":"22","author":"Capdevila","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333651","article-title":"Intra-arterial liver-directed therapies for neuroendocrine hepatic metastases","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2007.01.005","article-title":"Cytotoxic treatment including embolization\/chemoembolization for neuroendocrine tumours","volume":"21","author":"Toumpanakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60834-3","article-title":"Role of hepatic resection for patients with carcinoid heart disease","volume":"83","author":"Bernheim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.014","article-title":"Early and late outcomes of surgical treatment in carcinoid heart disease","volume":"66","author":"Connolly","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00374-Y","article-title":"Outcome of cardiac surgery for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"25","author":"Connolly","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezr227","article-title":"Carcinoid heart disease: outcomes after surgical valve replacement","volume":"41","author":"Mokhles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.05.026","article-title":"Quadruple valve replacement in patients with carcinoid heart disease","volume":"140","author":"Arghami","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib81","first-page":"223","article-title":"Quadruple valve replacement for carcinoid heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Raja","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdh216","article-title":"Consensus report on the use of somatostatin analogs for the management of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic system","volume":"15","author":"Oberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs109","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012)","volume":"33","author":"Vahanian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.537","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"Nishimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000437167","article-title":"Staged catheter-based valve treatment of severe carcinoid heart disease","volume":"103","author":"Laule","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib86","first-page":"114","article-title":"Transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement for bioprosthesis degeneration in carcinoid heart disease","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib87","first-page":"110","article-title":"Carcinoid heart valve disease: transcatheter pulmonary valve-in-valve implantation in failing biological xenografts","volume":"24","author":"Conradi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030_bib88","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Transcatheter pulmonic valve replacement in carcinoid heart disease","volume":"16","author":"Heidecker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109717301900?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109717301900?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:12:59Z","timestamp":1760015579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109717301900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109717301900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosing and Managing Carcinoid\u00a0Heart\u00a0Disease in Patients\u00a0With\u00a0Neuroendocrine Tumors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.12.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}