{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:38:27Z","timestamp":1791412707877,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":384,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T16:00:26Z","timestamp":1602518426000},"page":"1878-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":205,"title":["Challenges in Cardiac and Pulmonary\u00a0Sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Trivieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Birnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonder","family":"Drake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Baughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahi A.","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Judson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622318790197","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis: current findings and future directions","volume":"9","author":"Arkema","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib2","first-page":"119","article-title":"The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Judson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00075307","article-title":"Epidemiology of sarcoidosis in Japan","volume":"31","author":"Morimoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.45.1452","article-title":"Acute-onset sarcoidosis with erythema nodosum and polyarthralgia (Lofgren's syndrome) in Japan: a case report and a review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Ohta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.605","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"68","author":"Birnie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1120","article-title":"Racial difference in sarcoidosis mortality in the United States","volume":"147","author":"Mirsaeidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011522","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: epidemiology, characteristics, and outcome over 25 years in a nationwide study","volume":"131","author":"Kandolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2106001","article-title":"Familial aggregation of sarcoidosis. A case-control etiologic study of sarcoidosis (ACCESS)","volume":"164","author":"Rybicki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2013-101532","article-title":"Recent advances in the genetics of sarcoidosis","volume":"50","author":"Spagnolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.9704069","article-title":"HLA-DR predicts the prognosis in Scandinavian patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"156","author":"Berlin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1519","article-title":"Sarcoidosis is associated with a truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2","volume":"37","author":"Valentonyte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.198","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies ANXA11 as a new susceptibility locus for sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Hofmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0096-x","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Grunewald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235142","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/235142","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses in primary cutaneous sarcoidosis","volume":"2011","author":"Bordignon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Dev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0811.020318","article-title":"Molecular analysis of sarcoidosis tissues for mycobacterium species DNA","volume":"8","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040429","article-title":"Mycobacterial catalase-peroxidase is a tissue antigen and target of the adaptive immune response in systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"201","author":"Song","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.1.198-204.2002","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA in lymph nodes of Japanese and European patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Eishi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00002607","article-title":"Molecular evidence for the role of mycobacteria in sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Gupta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib19","first-page":"262","article-title":"Role of propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8481-z","article-title":"Etiologies of sarcoidosis","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970332","article-title":"Pathology of sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Rosen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2114","article-title":"World Trade Center \u201csarcoid-like\u201d granulomatous pulmonary disease in New York City Fire Department rescue workers","volume":"131","author":"Izbicki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2045","article-title":"Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility","volume":"8","author":"Jirtle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2018-0177OC","article-title":"DNA methylation changes in lung immune cells are associated with granulomatous lung disease","volume":"60","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2002-0164PS","article-title":"Genetic basis of remitting sarcoidosis: triumph of the trimolecular complex?","volume":"27","author":"Moller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.9.4291","article-title":"TCR expression of activated T cell clones in the lungs of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"153","author":"Forrester","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01074.x","article-title":"The cytokine network in sarcoidosis and its clinical relevance","volume":"253","author":"Ziegenhagen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00002281-200001000-00012","article-title":"New pathogenetic insights into the sarcoid granuloma","volume":"12","author":"Agostini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-57","article-title":"A\u00a0predictive tool for an effective use of (18)F-FDG PET in assessing activity of sarcoidosis","volume":"12","author":"Mostard","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2015.06.021","article-title":"Usefulness of cardiac troponins as markers of early treatment response in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"116","author":"Kandolin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.17-695","article-title":"A\u00a0multiple biomarker approach in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"59","author":"Kiko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.006764","article-title":"Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a myocardial oxidative stress marker is associated with ventricular tachycardia in patients with active cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Ishiguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib33","first-page":"452","article-title":"Serum microRNA-126 and -223 as new-generation biomarkers for sarcoidosis in patients with heart failure","volume":"72","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-14-4-301","article-title":"Mycobacterium chimaera mimicking sarcoidosis","volume":"14","author":"Ganatra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib35","first-page":"149","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis. American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society\/World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.746","article-title":"The anergic state in sarcoidosis is associated with diminished dendritic cell function","volume":"181","author":"Mathew","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030738","article-title":"Lung transplantation for pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Judson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00223-5","article-title":"Lofgren's syndrome revisited: a study of 186 patients","volume":"107","author":"Mana","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2104046","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis","volume":"164","author":"Baughman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181b97635","article-title":"Efficacy of short-course, low-dose corticosteroid therapy for acute pulmonary sarcoidosis exacerbations","volume":"339","author":"McKinzie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-970333","article-title":"Pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Lynch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.174.6.1741751","article-title":"Sarcoidosis with pulmonary fibrosis: CT patterns and correlation with pulmonary function","volume":"174","author":"Abehsera","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib43","first-page":"204","article-title":"Two year prognosis of sarcoidosis: the ACCESS experience","volume":"20","author":"Judson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.171.3.2717731","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: correlation of pulmonary parenchymal pattern at CT with results of pulmonary function tests","volume":"171","author":"Bergin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2012.747204","article-title":"Distinguishing asthma from sarcoidosis: an approach to a problem that is not always solvable","volume":"50","author":"Kalkanis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib46","first-page":"S37","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis of sarcoidosis. New approaches, old ideas","volume":"29","author":"Moller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00187410","article-title":"Stage IV sarcoidosis: comparison of survival with the general population and causes of death","volume":"38","author":"Nardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib48","first-page":"154","article-title":"Clinical bronchiectasis complicating pulmonary sarcoidosis: case series of seven patients","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.5.1246","article-title":"Incidence of pulmonary hypertension and its clinical relevance in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"129","author":"Handa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00226911","article-title":"Global burden of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis complicating sarcoidosis","volume":"41","author":"Denning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262207","article-title":"Diagnostic modalities in sarcoidosis: BAL, EBUS, and PET","volume":"31","author":"Costabel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70418-4","article-title":"Bronchoalveolar lavage. Still useful in diagnosing sarcoidosis?","volume":"18","author":"Nagai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-199909000-00005","article-title":"Clinical courses and prognoses of pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Nagai","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200603-402OC","article-title":"Infliximab therapy in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and pulmonary involvement","volume":"174","author":"Baughman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00000914","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ustekinumab or golimumab in patients with chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"44","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5261.1165","article-title":"Prognosis of intrathoracic sarcoidosis in England. A review of 136 cases after five years' observation","volume":"2","author":"Scadding","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2011.08.012","article-title":"Inflammatory activity assessment by F18 FDG-PET\/CT in persistent symptomatic sarcoidosis","volume":"105","author":"Mostard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib58","first-page":"123","article-title":"18F-FDG PET as a predictor of pulmonary function in sarcoidosis","volume":"28","author":"Keijsers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00227014","article-title":"Effectiveness of infliximab in refractory FDG PET-positive sarcoidosis","volume":"46","author":"Vorselaars","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.5603\/NMR.a2018.0007","article-title":"The use of 67Ga scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Malinowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000977","article-title":"Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy patterns in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"40","author":"Kamphuis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.03.068","article-title":"Comparison of necropsy findings in patients with sarcoidosis dying suddenly from cardiac sarcoidosis versus dying suddenly from other causes","volume":"104","author":"Tavora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12401","article-title":"Atrioventricular block as the initial manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis in middle-aged adults","volume":"25","author":"Nery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3214","article-title":"Supraventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis prevalence, predictors, and clinical implications","volume":"143","author":"Viles-Gonzalez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib65","first-page":"1288","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"8","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib66","first-page":"50","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis-state of the art review","volume":"6","author":"Hulten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3121","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz428","article-title":"Sudden death in cardiac sarcoidosis: an analysis of nationwide clinical and cause-of-death registries","volume":"40","author":"Ekstrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02396.x","article-title":"Diagnosing isolated cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"270","author":"Kandolin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.080481","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"92","author":"Doughan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12166","article-title":"Right ventricular involvement in cardiac sarcoidosis demonstrated with cardiac magnetic resonance","volume":"4","author":"Smedema","year":"2017","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000156","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for identifying patients with cardiac sarcoidosis and preserved or mildly reduced left ventricular function at risk of ventricular arrhythmias","volume":"7","author":"Crawford","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003738","article-title":"Prognosis of myocardial damage in sarcoidosis patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: risk stratification using cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"9","author":"Murtagh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.022","article-title":"Cardiac positron emission tomography enhances prognostic assessments of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"63","author":"Blankstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.10.021","article-title":"CMR imaging predicts death and other adverse events in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"6","author":"Greulich","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.12.012","article-title":"The long-term prognostic significance of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension\u2014a cohort study","volume":"199","author":"Tiosano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib76","first-page":"82","article-title":"Treatment of sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: a single centre retrospective experience using targeted therapies","volume":"31","author":"Keir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)37649-2","article-title":"Predicting mortality in patients with sarcoidosis awaiting lung transplantation","volume":"124","author":"Shorr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2002","article-title":"Survival in sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: the importance of hemodynamic evaluation","volume":"138","author":"Baughman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.04.015","article-title":"Clinical features of sarcoidosis associated pulmonary hypertension: Results of a multi-national registry","volume":"139","author":"Baughman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.204","article-title":"How common is isolated cardiac sarcoidosis? Extra-cardiac and cardiac findings on clinical examination and whole-body (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography","volume":"253","author":"Juneau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib81","first-page":"39","article-title":"The utility of delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging for identifying nonischemic myocardial fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with biopsy-proven systemic sarcoidosis","volume":"26","author":"Cheong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1376889","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis: evolving concepts in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"35","author":"Lynch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.05.009","article-title":"Prognostic value of myocardial scarring on CMR in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Coleman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.019","article-title":"Complementary role of CMR to conventional screening in the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"10","author":"Kouranos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib85","first-page":"1015.e1","article-title":"Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: establishing the diagnosis with electroanatomic mapping-guided endomyocardial biopsy","volume":"29","author":"Nery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib86","first-page":"466","article-title":"Electrogram guidance: a method to increase the precision and diagnostic yield of endomyocardial biopsy for suspected cardiac sarcoidosis and myocarditis","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2011.10.001","article-title":"2011 consensus statement on endomyocardial biopsy from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology","volume":"21","author":"Leone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.10.006","article-title":"A\u00a0positive endomyocardial biopsy result for sarcoid is associated with poor prognosis in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy","volume":"150","author":"Ardehali","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.03.043","article-title":"HRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias associated with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Birnie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib90","first-page":"19","article-title":"The WASOG Sarcoidosis Organ Assessment Instrument: an update of a previous clinical tool","volume":"31","author":"Judson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2020.02.008","article-title":"Performance of diagnostic criteria in patients clinically judged to have cardiac sarcoidosis: is it time to regroup?","volume":"223","author":"Ribeiro Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0650-8","article-title":"Myocardial imaging with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in sarcoidosis","volume":"35","author":"Ohira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.01.047","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"45","author":"Smedema","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib94","article-title":"Hybrid magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) guided cardiac sarcoidosis treatment","volume":"138","author":"Trivieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-013-9828-6","article-title":"Reduction in (1)(8)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on serial cardiac positron emission tomography is associated with improved left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Osborne","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-017-0978-9","article-title":"Joint SNMMI-ASNC expert consensus document on the role of (18)F-FDG PET\/CT in cardiac sarcoid detection and therapy monitoring","volume":"24","author":"Chareonthaitawee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001063","article-title":"Impact of patient preparation on the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET in cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.03.033","article-title":"Risk assessment of patients with clinical manifestations of cardiac sarcoidosis with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"241","author":"Bravo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002145","article-title":"Ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: characterization of ventricular substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.205","article-title":"Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiographic speckle-tracking strain analysis relates to outcome in sarcoidosis","volume":"17","author":"Joyce","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jex340","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of simultaneous hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"19","author":"Wicks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.02.021","article-title":"Hybrid magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose to diagnose active cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"11","author":"Dweck","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.228130","article-title":"Advanced imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"60","author":"Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.851352","article-title":"Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis","volume":"120","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.03.027","article-title":"Predictors of cardiac sarcoidosis using commonly available cardiac studies","volume":"112","author":"Freeman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000932","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia\/cardiomyopathy and cardiac sarcoidosis: distinguishing features when the diagnosis is unclear","volume":"7","author":"Philips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2017.09.003","article-title":"Toxicity risk from glucocorticoids in sarcoidosis patients","volume":"132","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-760OC","article-title":"Sarcoidosis in America. Analysis based on health care use","volume":"13","author":"Baughman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1281745","article-title":"Strategies for identifying pulmonary sarcoidosis patients at risk for severe or chronic disease","volume":"11","author":"Judson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib110","first-page":"280","article-title":"The indications for the treatment of sarcoidosis: Wells Law","volume":"34","author":"Baughman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.3.623","article-title":"Outcome in sarcoidosis. The relationship of relapse to corticosteroid therapy","volume":"111","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-1060","article-title":"Acute pulmonary exacerbations of sarcoidosis","volume":"142","author":"Panselinas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of infliximab biosimilar Inflectra((R)) in severe sarcoidosis","volume":"138S","author":"Schimmelpennink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.10.101","article-title":"Impact of early initiation of corticosteroid therapy on cardiac function and rhythm in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"227","author":"Padala","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib115","first-page":"210","article-title":"National survey on status of steroid therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis in Japan","volume":"22","author":"Hiramitsu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01978-6","article-title":"Prognostic determinants of long-term survival in Japanese patients with cardiac sarcoidosis treated with prednisone","volume":"88","author":"Yazaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2015.08.008","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"36","author":"Birnie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.02.004","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with bone sarcoidosis","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1319","article-title":"Management and outcomes of cardiac sarcoidosis: a 20-year experience in two tertiary care centres","volume":"20","author":"Fussner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000145367.17934.75","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis: a retrospective study of 41 cases","volume":"83","author":"Chapelon-Abric","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.11.131","article-title":"Treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis: a comparative study of steroids and steroids plus immunosuppressive drugs","volume":"276","author":"Ballul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.53.0794","article-title":"Treatment with methotrexate and low-dose corticosteroids in sarcoidosis patients with cardiac lesions","volume":"53","author":"Nagai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.10.003","article-title":"Cardiac sarcoidosis multi-center randomized controlled trial (CHASM CS- RCT)","volume":"220","author":"Birnie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib124","first-page":"60","article-title":"Methotrexate is steroid sparing in acute sarcoidosis: results of a double blind, randomized trial","volume":"17","author":"Baughman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2017.03.005","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in refractory sarcoidosis: a multicenter study of 132 patients","volume":"47","author":"Jamilloux","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004644","article-title":"Infliximab for the treatment of CNS sarcoidosis: a multi-institutional series","volume":"89","author":"Gelfand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2576","article-title":"The CD4+ lymphopenic sarcoidosis phenotype is highly responsive to anti-tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} therapy","volume":"137","author":"Crouser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib128","first-page":"1686","article-title":"Successful treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis with infliximab","volume":"35","author":"Barnabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.07.067","article-title":"Infliximab for refractory cardiac sarcoidosis","author":"Harper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077913.60364.D2","volume":"107","author":"Chung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kev309","article-title":"Successful use of rituximab in refractory cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"55","author":"Krause","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00224513","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of refractory pulmonary sarcoidosis","volume":"43","author":"Sweiss","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib133","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Rituximab for refractory granulomatous eye disease","volume":"6","author":"Lower","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib134","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Corticosteroid therapy for cardiac sarcoidosis: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Sadek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2012.02350.x","article-title":"Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.","volume":"23","author":"Schuller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus316","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of implantable cardiac defibrillators for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis","volume":"13","author":"Kron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.054","volume":"72","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603767","article-title":"Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Shlobin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1766","article-title":"Bosentan for sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind placebo controlled randomized trial","volume":"145","author":"Baughman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-19-0508","article-title":"JCS 2016 Guideline on diagnosis and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis\u2014digest version","volume":"83","author":"Terasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ J"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510972036410X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510972036410X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:36:26Z","timestamp":1760016986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S073510972036410X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":140,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S073510972036410X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Challenges in Cardiac and Pulmonary\u00a0Sarcoidosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}