{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T11:35:02Z","timestamp":1791718502120,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":369,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"Hartstichting","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007214","name":"Velux Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007214","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T08:18:52Z","timestamp":1610093932000},"page":"45-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Jiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"le Cessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"van Heemst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Noordam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu299","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update","volume":"35","author":"Nichols","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa053935","article-title":"Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000","volume":"356","author":"Ford","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13403","article-title":"Crosstalk of mitochondria with NADPH oxidase via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling and its role for vascular function","volume":"174","author":"Daiber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.05.004","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular disease","volume":"51","author":"Sugamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy097","article-title":"Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"108","author":"Aune","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1508","article-title":"Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts","volume":"80","author":"Knekt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487315595313","article-title":"Circulating tocopherols and risk of coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201601009","article-title":"Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"61","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004224","article-title":"Association of multivitamin and mineral supplementation and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3282f11f95","article-title":"Antioxidant vitamins intake and the risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"15","author":"Ye","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1362630","article-title":"Lycopene and tomato and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence","volume":"59","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-01922-9","article-title":"Dietary total antioxidant capacity and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"58","author":"Parohan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib14","first-page":"CD011114","article-title":"Vitamin C supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"3","author":"Al-Khudairy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013516","article-title":"Dietary supplements and risk of cause-specific death, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary prevention trials","volume":"8","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f10","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f10","article-title":"Efficacy of vitamin and antioxidant supplements in prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"346","author":"Myung","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00729","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplements in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: An updated systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"159","author":"Fortmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.020","article-title":"Supplemental vitamins and minerals for CVD prevention and treatment","volume":"71","author":"Jenkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0198","article-title":"Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement","volume":"160","author":"Moyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.08.005","article-title":"Limited evidence for a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation on biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"61","author":"Ashor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.009","article-title":"Tomato and lycopene supplementation and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"257","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.02.003","article-title":"Why Have Antioxidants failed in clinical trials?","volume":"101","author":"Steinhubl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.010","article-title":"Antioxidants as therapies: can we improve on nature?","volume":"66","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034","article-title":"Mendelian randomization: using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology","volume":"27","author":"Lawlor","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0011-z","article-title":"Using published data in Mendelian randomization: a blueprint for efficient identification of causal risk factors","volume":"30","author":"Burgess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3876","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr296","article-title":"Genome-wide association study identifies common variants associated with circulating vitamin E levels","volume":"20","author":"Major","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.034934","article-title":"beta-Carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations in women of European descent","volume":"96","author":"Hendrickson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020082","article-title":"A\u00a0Common variant in the SETD7 Gene predicts serum lycopene concentrations","volume":"8","author":"D'Adamo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr387","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of circulating retinol levels","volume":"20","author":"Mondul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2982","article-title":"An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites","volume":"46","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3809","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing identifies common-to-rare variants associated with human blood metabolites","volume":"49","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2010.29438","article-title":"Genetic variation at the SLC23A1 locus is associated with circulating concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C): evidence from 5 independent studies with >15,000 participants","volume":"92","author":"Timpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2797","article-title":"Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels","volume":"45","author":"Willer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09270","article-title":"Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids","volume":"466","author":"Teslovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3874","article-title":"Fifteen new risk loci for coronary artery disease highlight arterial-wall-specific mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Howson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib36","first-page":"1121","article-title":"A\u00a0comprehensive 1,000 Genomes-based genome-wide association meta-analysis of coronary artery disease","volume":"47","author":"Nikpay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2480","article-title":"Large-scale association analysis identifies new risk loci for coronary artery disease","volume":"45","author":"Deloukas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21758","article-title":"Mendelian randomization analysis with multiple genetic variants using summarized data","volume":"37","author":"Burgess","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22041","article-title":"Semiparametric methods for estimation of a nonlinear exposure-outcome relationship using instrumental variables with application to Mendelian randomization","volume":"41","author":"Staley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through Egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965","article-title":"Consistent estimation in Mendelian Randomization with some invalid instruments using a weighted median estimator","volume":"40","author":"Bowden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","article-title":"Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Verbanck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6522","article-title":"Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome","volume":"34","author":"Greco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092153","article-title":"Circulating vitamin E levels and risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: a Mendelian randomization study","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.19-12","article-title":"Circulating vitamin E and cardiometabolic measures: a Mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"65","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.118216","article-title":"Best (but oft-forgotten) practices: the design, analysis, and interpretation of Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"103","author":"Haycock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000161","article-title":"Instrumental variable analysis with a nonlinear exposure\u2013outcome relationship","volume":"25","author":"Burgess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu005","article-title":"Sample size and power calculations in Mendelian randomization with a single instrumental variable and a binary outcome","volume":"43","author":"Burgess","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.03.013","article-title":"The effect of vitamin C and\/or E supplementations on type 2 diabetic adult males under metformin treatment: a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"El-Aal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009217.pub2","article-title":"Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308773","article-title":"Physical activity in the prevention of coronary heart disease: implications for the clinician","volume":"102","author":"Varghese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.068","article-title":"Obesity and cardiovascular disease: risk factor, paradox, and impact of weight loss","volume":"53","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.007","article-title":"The controversies of statin therapy: weighing the evidence","volume":"60","author":"Jukema","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109720377937?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109720377937?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:37:39Z","timestamp":1760017059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109720377937"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109720377937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}