{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T06:26:07Z","timestamp":1791699967810,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T18:13:11Z","timestamp":1632766391000},"page":"1421-1432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Association of Circulating Ketone Bodies\u00a0With Functional Outcomes After\u00a0ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial\u00a0Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Marie-Sophie L.Y.","family":"de Koning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Daan","family":"Westenbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Assa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margery A.","family":"Connelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk J.","family":"van Veldhuisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P.F.","family":"Dullaart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Lipsic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"van der Harst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017545","article-title":"Evidence for intramyocardial disruption of lipid metabolism and increased myocardial ketone utilization in advanced human heart failure","volume":"133","author":"Bedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124079","article-title":"The failing heart utilizes 3-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic stress defense","volume":"4","author":"Horton","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8861","article-title":"Comprehensive quantification of fuel use by the failing and nonfailing human heart","volume":"370","author":"Murashige","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801505","article-title":"Recent developments on lipolysis regulation in humans and discovery of a new lipolytic pathway","volume":"24","author":"Lafontan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.07.010","article-title":"Cardiomyocyte-specific deficiency of ketone body metabolism promotes accelerated pathological remodeling","volume":"3","author":"Schugar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004417","article-title":"Cardiac-specific bdh1 overexpression ameliorates oxidative stress and cardiac remodeling in pressure overload-induced heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Uchihashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.09.007","article-title":"The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies: the effects of ketone bodies in pathological conditions: ketosis, ketogenic diet, redox states, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial metabolism","volume":"70","author":"Veech","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1968","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00250.2002","article-title":"dl-3-Hydroxybutyrate administration prevents myocardial damage after coronary occlusion in rat hearts","volume":"283","author":"Zou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3315","article-title":"Effect of metformin on left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction in patients without diabetes: the GIPS-III randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Lexis","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-012-6413-1","article-title":"Metformin in non-diabetic patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction: rationale and design of the glycometabolic intervention as adjunct to primary percutaneous intervention in ST elevation myocardial infarction (GIPS)-III trial","volume":"26","author":"Lexis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib12","first-page":"321","article-title":"Ketone bodies are mildly elevated in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are inversely associated with insulin resistance as measured by the lipoprotein insulin resistance index","volume":"9","author":"Garcia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.07.020","article-title":"Effect of atorvastatin on blood ketone levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single arm pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Baul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165739","article-title":"Cardiac ketone body metabolism","volume":"105","author":"Kadir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13468","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13468","article-title":"Association of beta-hydroxybutyrate with development of heart failure: sex differences in a Dutch population cohort","volume":"51","author":"Flores-Guerrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay8329","article-title":"Elevated plasma \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate predicts adverse outcomes and disease progression in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92595-1","article-title":"Initial metabolic and hormonal response to acute myocardial infarction","volume":"1","author":"Vetter","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90749-1","article-title":"Increased plasma-free-fatty-acid concentrations and their significance in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(67)90001-X","article-title":"Free noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion in relation to clinical syndromes following myocardial infarction","volume":"20","author":"Valori","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib20","article-title":"Hepatic ketogenesis induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice","volume":"6","author":"Koch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-018-0632-2","article-title":"NMR metabolomic study of blood plasma in ischemic and ischemically preconditioned rats: an increased level of ketone bodies and decreased content of glycolytic products 24\u00a0h after global cerebral ischemia","volume":"74","author":"Baranovicova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2017-000709","article-title":"Early metabolic response to acute myocardial ischaemia in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty","volume":"5","author":"Di Marino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00010","article-title":"Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids","volume":"122","author":"Kasiske","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028013519591","article-title":"\u03b2-blockers: a review of their pharmacological and physiological diversity in hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Ripley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(75)90086-7","article-title":"Metabolism of free fatty acids, glucose and catecholamines in acute myocardial infarction. Relation to myocardial ischemia and infarct size","volume":"36","author":"Opie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.065","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of ketone bodies for patients with cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"77","author":"Yurista","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-008-0032-0","article-title":"Metformin treatment of rats with diet-induced overweight and hypertriglyceridemia decreases plasma triglyceride concentrations, while decreasing triglyceride and increasing ketone body output by the isolated perfused liver","volume":"45","author":"Tessari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1092733","article-title":"Metabolic effects of combined sulphonylurea and metformin therapy in maturity-onset diabetice","volume":"11","author":"Nattrass","year":"1979","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101960","article-title":"Metformin induces a fasting- and antifolate-mimicking modification of systemic host metabolism in breast cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Cuy\u00e0s","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02581286","article-title":"Low dose metformin in the treatment of type II non-insulin-dependent diabetes: clinical and metabolic evaluations","volume":"27","author":"Gregorio","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol Lat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0208","article-title":"Effects of dapagliflozin on endothelial function, renal injury markers, and glycemic control in drug-na\u00efve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"43","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.11.006","article-title":"Control of lipolysis by natriuretic peptides and cyclic GMP","volume":"19","author":"Lafontan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86126-0","article-title":"Close linkage between blood total ketone body levels and B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with cardiovascular disorders","volume":"11","author":"Kashiwagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0011","article-title":"Exhaled acetone concentration is related to hemodynamic severity in patients with non-ischemic chronic heart failure","volume":"80","author":"Yokokawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168790","article-title":"Impact of exhaled breath acetone in the prognosis of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). One year of clinical follow-up","volume":"11","author":"Marcondes-Braga","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.932338","article-title":"Short-term fasting reduces the extent of myocardial infarction and incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in rats","volume":"61","author":"\u0160norek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.04.019","article-title":"Treatment with D-\u03b2-hydroxybutyrate protects heart from ischemia\/reperfusion injury in mice","volume":"829","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007684","article-title":"Ketone ester treatment improves cardiac function and reduces pathologic remodeling in preclinical models of heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Yurista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165770","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors reduce infarct size in reperfused ischemic heart and improve cardiac function during ischemic episodes in preclinical models","volume":"1866","author":"Andreadou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036459","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of treatment with the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate in chronic heart failure patients","volume":"139","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","article-title":"The ketone metabolite \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease","volume":"21","author":"Youm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064916","article-title":"\u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate: a signaling metabolite","volume":"37","author":"Newman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ketone body infusion with 3-hydroxybutyrate reduces myocardial glucose uptake and increases blood flow in humans: a positron emission tomography study","volume":"6","author":"Gormsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227166","article-title":"Suppression of oxidative stress by \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitor","volume":"339","author":"Shimazu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.08.005","article-title":"The diabetic heart utilizes ketone bodies as an energy source","volume":"77","author":"Mizuno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273185","article-title":"Metabolism of\u00a0ketone bodies during exercise and training: physiological basis for exogenous supplementation","volume":"595","author":"Evans","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721058381?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721058381?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:44:42Z","timestamp":1760017482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109721058381"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109721058381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association of Circulating Ketone Bodies\u00a0With Functional Outcomes After\u00a0ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial\u00a0Infarction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.054","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}