{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:52:44Z","timestamp":1793976764041,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T15:17:24Z","timestamp":1643642244000},"page":"482-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":427,"title":["Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Naila","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Buta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Li","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise T.","family":"Mohess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Archana","family":"Bushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Batchelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"deFilippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Walston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Bandeen-Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Forman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon R.","family":"Resar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Gerstenblith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulla A.","family":"Damluji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib2","series-title":"Living longer: historical and projected life expectancy in the United States, 1960 to 2060. Current Population Reports","author":"Medina","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib3","first-page":"19","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging","volume":"6","author":"Rodgers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000950","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142021 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"143","author":"Virani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12190","article-title":"Frailty as a predictor of all-cause mortality in older men and women","volume":"14","author":"Kulmala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026951","article-title":"Geriatric conditions in acutely hospitalized older patients: prevalence and one-year survival and functional decline","volume":"6","author":"Buurman","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib7","first-page":"433","article-title":"Frailty syndrome: an overview","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","article-title":"Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype","volume":"56","author":"Fried","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M255","article-title":"Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty, and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care","volume":"59","author":"Fried","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04054.x","article-title":"Prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older persons: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Collard","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3856","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab468","article-title":"Frailty and cardiovascular outcomes in the National Health and Aging Trends Study","volume":"42","author":"Damluji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1212324","article-title":"Post-hospital syndrome\u2014an acquired, transient condition of generalized risk","volume":"368","author":"Krumholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","article-title":"Frailty in elderly people","volume":"381","author":"Clegg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2005.05.008","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: predementia syndrome and vascular risk factors","volume":"27","author":"Panza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-013-0367-2","article-title":"Cognitive frailty: rational and definition from an (I.A.N.A.\/I.A.G.G.) international consensus group","volume":"17","author":"Kelaiditi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2014.12.004","article-title":"Cognitive frailty, a novel target for the prevention of elderly dependency","volume":"20","author":"Ruan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0045-6","article-title":"Towards an integral conceptual model of frailty","volume":"14","author":"Gobbens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-017-0414-7","article-title":"Social frailty in older adults: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Bunt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102715","article-title":"Sarcopenia, weight loss, and nutritional frailty in the elderly","volume":"22","author":"Bales","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.048587","article-title":"Understanding frailty","volume":"83","author":"Lally","year":"2007","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12068","article-title":"Identification of a metabolic signature for multidimensional impairment and mortality risk in hospitalized older patients","volume":"12","author":"Fontana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.040","article-title":"Pre-frailty and risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly men and women: the Pro.V.A. study","volume":"65","author":"Sergi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.070","article-title":"Frailty assessment in the cardiovascular care of older adults","volume":"63","author":"Afilalo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib24","article-title":"Frailty and outcomes after myocardial infarction: insights from the CONCORDANCE registry","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-18-00099","article-title":"Invasive strategy and frailty in very elderly patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"14","author":"Llao","year":"2018","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib26","first-page":"192","article-title":"Impact of the Clinical Frailty Scale on mid-term mortality in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction","volume":"22","author":"Yoshioka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2015-000294","article-title":"Impact of frailty on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Murali-Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.01.153","article-title":"The prevalence of frailty in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"236","author":"Denfeld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.024","article-title":"Frailty in older adults undergoing aortic valve replacement: the FRAILTY-AVR study","volume":"70","author":"Afilalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2017.07.042","article-title":"Impact of frailty on outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous mitral valve repair","volume":"10","author":"Metze","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Intv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1593","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1593","article-title":"Cardiovascular care of older adults","volume":"374","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-019-06911-y","article-title":"Bleeding risk scores and scales of frailty for the prediction of haemorrhagic events in older adults with acute coronary syndrome: insights from the FRASER study","volume":"33","author":"Pavasini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib33","first-page":"63","article-title":"Recommendations of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the assessment of frailty in elderly patients with heart disease","volume":"72","author":"Diez-Villanueva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl041","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale","volume":"35","author":"Rolfson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02667.x","article-title":"Physiological redundancy in older adults in relation to the change with age in the slope of a frailty index","volume":"58","author":"Rockwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050051","article-title":"A\u00a0global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people","volume":"173","author":"Rockwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-012-0084-2","article-title":"A\u00a0simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans","volume":"16","author":"Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib38","first-page":"S25","article-title":"The Essential Frailty Toolset in older adults undergoing CABG","volume":"35","author":"Solomon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.21974","article-title":"Gait speed and dependence in activities of daily living in older adults with severe aortic stenosis","volume":"35","author":"Green","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.068","article-title":"Objective measures of the frailty syndrome (hand grip strength and gait speed) and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review","volume":"215","author":"Chainani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1076-7460.2007.06457.x","article-title":"The utility of the 6-minute walk test as a measure of frailty in older adults with heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Boxer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.10.006","article-title":"Frailty in hospitalized older adults: comparing different frailty measures in predicting short- and long-term patient outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14617","article-title":"Frailty assessment in the ICU: translation to \u201creal-world\u201d clinical practice","volume":"74","author":"Falvey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.4.418","article-title":"Transitions between frailty states among community-living older persons","volume":"166","author":"Gill","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.16976","article-title":"Progression of physical frailty and the risk of all-cause mortality: is there a point of no return?","volume":"69","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/53B.1.S9","article-title":"Antecedents of frailty over three decades in an older cohort","volume":"53","author":"Strawbridge","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib47","first-page":"14","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of frailty in a community-dwelling population: the HELIAD study","volume":"32","author":"Ntanasi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Aging Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1277-8","article-title":"Risk factors of progression to frailty: findings from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study","volume":"24","author":"Cheong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-017-0655-8","article-title":"Home-based preoperative rehabilitation (prehab) to improve physical function and reduce hospital length of stay for frail patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery","volume":"12","author":"Waite","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007250","article-title":"Protocol for the PREHAB study\u2014Pre-Operative Rehabilitation for Reduction of Hospitalization After Coronary Bypass and Valvular Surgery: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Stammers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib51","article-title":"Prehabilitation for Improving Quality of Recovery After Elective Cardiac Surgery (PREQUEL) study: protocol of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Yau","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-016-0743-9","article-title":"Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation for prevention and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with cardiovascular disease\u2014a retrospective cross-sectional analysis","volume":"21","author":"Harada","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e3283394977","article-title":"An elderly-centered, personalized, physiotherapy program early after cardiac surgery","volume":"17","author":"Opasich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.05.013","article-title":"Early mobility in frail and non-frail older adults admitted to the cardiovascular intensive care unit","volume":"47","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316679527","article-title":"Multicomponent cardiac rehabilitation in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: predictors of functional and psychocognitive recovery","volume":"24","author":"Eichler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib56","first-page":"279","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation and mid-term follow-up after transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"11","author":"Zanettini","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s40814-018-0363-8","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation to improve health-related quality of life following trans-catheter aortic valve implantation: a randomised controlled feasibility study: RECOVER-TAVI pilot, ORCA 4, for the Optimal Restoration of Cardiac Activity group","volume":"4","author":"Rogers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pilot Feasibility Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-01964-3","article-title":"The impact of additional resistance and balance training in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in older patients after valve surgery or intervention: randomized control trial","volume":"21","author":"Tamuleviciute-Prasciene","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12030","article-title":"Resistance and balance training improves functional capacity in very old participants attending cardiac rehabilitation after coronary bypass surgery","volume":"60","author":"Busch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib60","first-page":"359","article-title":"A\u00a0novel rehabilitation intervention for older patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the REHAB-HF pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Reeves","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026141","article-title":"Physical rehabilitation for older patients hospitalized for heart failure","volume":"385","author":"Kitzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487314526072","article-title":"Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional and emotional status in patients after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation","volume":"22","author":"Voller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.20.05970-5","article-title":"Psychophysical health of elderly inpatients in cardiac rehabilitation: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"56","author":"Balestroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/HCR.0000000000000537","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with improved physical function in frail older adults with cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Lutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3181b332a1","article-title":"One-year adherence to exercise in elderly patients receiving postacute inpatient rehabilitation after cardiac surgery","volume":"88","author":"Macchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.11.1157","article-title":"Effects of a physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance: results of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study","volume":"61","author":"Pahor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-011-0654-z","article-title":"Effects of a structured physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance in frail elderly patients after cardiac rehabilitation: a pilot study with 1-year follow-up","volume":"8","author":"Molino-Lova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib68","first-page":"424","article-title":"Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on physical function and exercise capacity in elderly cardiovascular patients with frailty","volume":"77","author":"Ushijima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-018-0119-2","article-title":"Geriatric rehabilitation in older patients with cardiovascular disease: a feasibility study","volume":"9","author":"van Dam van Isselt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib70","first-page":"JS1","article-title":"Proceedings from the conference. May 16-18 1996","volume":"35","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22845","article-title":"Effects of acute phase intensive electrical muscle stimulation in frail elderly patients with acute heart failure (ACTIVE-EMS): rationale and protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Tanaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib72","first-page":"84","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of high dose vitamin D3 in patients with heart failure","volume":"1","author":"Boxer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol HF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01601.x","article-title":"The association between vitamin D and inflammation with the 6-minute walk and frailty in patients with heart failure","volume":"56","author":"Boxer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51101.x","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled trial of quadriceps resistance exercise and vitamin D in frail older people: the Frailty Interventions Trial in Elderly Subjects (FITNESS)","volume":"51","author":"Latham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3695","article-title":"Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance exercise in healthy, highly functioning older men with low-normal testosterone levels","volume":"98","author":"Hildreth","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.02.019","article-title":"Effects of testosterone supplementation on clinical and rehabilitative outcomes in older men undergoing on-pump CABG","volume":"33","author":"Maggio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv109","article-title":"A\u00a0high omega-3 fatty acid multinutrient supplement benefits cognition and mobility in older women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"71","author":"Strike","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721420924956","article-title":"Is there an association between metformin exposure and frailty?","volume":"6","author":"Baskaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gerontol Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz078","article-title":"Rationale and study design of a randomized clinical trial of metformin to prevent frailty in older adults with prediabetes","volume":"75","author":"Espinoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx056","article-title":"Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cell infusions for aging frailty","volume":"72","author":"Golpanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11899","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.7727","volume":"7","author":"Golpanian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112774","article-title":"mTOR and aging: an old fashioned dress","volume":"20","author":"Stallone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092082","article-title":"Health benefits of \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in addition to physical exercise in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Courel-Ibanez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib84","first-page":"204","article-title":"Effect of low-dose rapamycin on senescence markers and physical functioning in older adults with coronary artery disease: results of a pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4871","article-title":"Effect of antihypertensive medication reduction vs usual care on short-term blood pressure control in patients with hypertension aged 80 years and older: the OPTIMISE randomized clinical trial","volume":"323","author":"Sheppard","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406233302501","article-title":"Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people","volume":"330","author":"Fiatarone","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib87","first-page":"126","article-title":"Resistance training and co-supplementation with creatine and protein in older subjects with frailty","volume":"5","author":"Collins","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/21551197.2017.1391732","article-title":"Whey protein supplementation improves rehabilitation outcomes in hospitalized geriatric patients: a double blinded, randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Niccoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.05.021","article-title":"Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls167","article-title":"Preventive effect of protein-energy supplementation on the functional decline of frail older adults with low socioeconomic status: a community-based randomized controlled study","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1146","article-title":"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet, cognitive decline, and risk of dementia","volume":"302","author":"Feart","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2015.04.003","article-title":"Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: insights from the PREDIMED study","volume":"58","author":"Martinez-Gonzalez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib93","first-page":"2161","article-title":"A\u00a0higher adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is inversely associated with the development of frailty in community-dwelling elderly men and women","volume":"142","author":"Talegawkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15251","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces incident frailty risk: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13626","article-title":"Dairy consumption and risk of frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Lana","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60461-5","article-title":"A\u00a02 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Ngandu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.06.017","article-title":"Nutritional, physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"128","author":"Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00471","article-title":"A\u00a0multi-domain intervention protocol for the potential reversal of cognitive frailty: \u201cWE-RISE\u201d randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Murukesu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib99","first-page":"11","article-title":"An interregional, transdisciplinary and good practice-based approach for frailty: the Mind&Gait project","volume":"19","author":"Apostolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Med UniSa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.04.018","article-title":"Effects of a home-based and volunteer-administered physical training, nutritional, and social support program on malnutrition and frailty in older persons: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Luger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2010.00151.x","article-title":"The 6-minute walk is associated with frailty and predicts mortality in older adults with heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Boxer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487313494029","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation after transcatheter versus surgical prosthetic valve implantation for aortic stenosis in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006798","article-title":"Multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation and long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Kamiya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14239","article-title":"Cardiac rehabilitation in very old adults: effect of baseline functional capacity on treatment effectiveness","volume":"64","author":"Baldasseroni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.08.007","article-title":"Exercise training improves exercise capacity and quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a randomized pilot trial","volume":"182","author":"Pressler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib106","first-page":"36","article-title":"[Elderly patient-centered rehabilitation after cardiac surgery]","volume":"68","author":"Mazza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0839-8","article-title":"Physical activity intervention for elderly patients with reduced physical performance after acute coronary syndrome (HULK study): rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"18","author":"Tonet","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib108","first-page":"560","article-title":"Pre-operative frailty status is associated with cardiac rehabilitation completion: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Kimber","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.12.012","article-title":"Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart\u00a0Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial: design and rationale","volume":"185","author":"Reeves","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5616","article-title":"Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: the LIFE study randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Pahor","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0255-6","article-title":"Major dietary patterns and risk of frailty in older adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Leon-Munoz","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx086","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective associations between alcohol consumption and incident frailty","volume":"47","author":"Kojima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Age Ageing"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721082577?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721082577?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:47:58Z","timestamp":1760017678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109721082577"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109721082577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}