{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:02:25Z","timestamp":1793829745382,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T15:06:51Z","timestamp":1645456011000},"page":"757-768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Independent Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Artery Calcification With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Anurag","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colby R.","family":"Ayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaideep","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananya","family":"Hooda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence S.","family":"Sperling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim S.","family":"Virani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parag H.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.042","article-title":"A\u00a0test in context: lipoprotein(a): diagnosis, prognosis, controversies, and emerging therapies","volume":"69","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1063","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality","volume":"302","author":"Emerging Risk Factors","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.023","article-title":"Extreme lipoprotein(a) levels and improved cardiovascular risk prediction","volume":"61","author":"Kamstrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902604","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease","volume":"361","author":"Clarke","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90282-T","article-title":"Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography","volume":"15","author":"Agatston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.003","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"73","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072100","article-title":"Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups","volume":"358","author":"Detrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.05.027","article-title":"Coronary calcium score and cardiovascular risk","volume":"72","author":"Greenland","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.010153","article-title":"Predictive value of coronary artery calcium score categories for coronary events vs strokes: impact of sex and race: MESA and DHS","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-020-01003-3","article-title":"Association between lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels and Lp(a) genetic variants with coronary artery calcification","volume":"21","author":"Pechlivanis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.038","article-title":"PCSK9 and lipoprotein (a) levels are two predictors of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"254","author":"Alonso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.015","article-title":"Gender-specific association of coronary artery calcium and lipoprotein parameters: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study","volume":"229","author":"Erbel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.08.014","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a) is independently correlated with coronary artery calcification","volume":"24","author":"Greif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000159263.50305.BD","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein(a) isoforms: no association with coronary artery calcification in the Dallas Heart Study","volume":"111","author":"Guerra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.115.306683","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with subclinical calcific aortic valve disease in white and black individuals: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","article-title":"Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design","volume":"156","author":"Bild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.02.058","article-title":"The Dallas Heart Study: a population-based probability sample for the multidisciplinary study of ethnic differences in cardiovascular health","volume":"93","author":"Victor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.304785","article-title":"Race is a key variable in assigning lipoprotein(a) cutoff values for coronary heart disease risk assessment: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Guan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341040439","article-title":"Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"234","author":"Carr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.04.010","article-title":"Use of Lipoprotein(a) in clinical practice: a biomarker whose time has come. A scientific statement from the National Lipid Association","volume":"13","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.06.015","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium improves risk classification in younger populations","volume":"8","author":"Paixao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardio Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.11.005","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63(25 Pt B)","author":"Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.045120","article-title":"Associations between lipoprotein(a) levels and cardiovascular outcomes in black and white subjects: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study","volume":"125","author":"Virani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.040","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) and family history predict cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"76","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.461","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium score and risk classification for coronary heart disease prediction","volume":"303","author":"Polonsky","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.030","article-title":"Coronary risk stratification, discrimination, and reclassification improvement based on quantification of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study","volume":"56","author":"Erbel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.017","article-title":"Prevalence, impact, and predictive value of detecting subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in asymptomatic adults: the BioImage study","volume":"65","author":"Baber","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.06.029","article-title":"Coronary calcium score improves classification of coronary heart disease risk in the elderly: the Rotterdam study","volume":"56","author":"Elias-Smale","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.2321","article-title":"Assessment of coronary artery calcium scoring to guide\u00a0statin therapy allocation according to risk-enhancing factors: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.524","article-title":"Elevated lipoprotein(a) and risk of ischemic stroke","volume":"74","author":"Langsted","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib31","article-title":"Apolipoproteins in vascular biology and atherosclerotic disease","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0153-2","article-title":"Oxidized phospholipids as a unifying theory for lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular disease","volume":"16","author":"Boffa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2008.01804.x","article-title":"Subclinical atherosclerosis: what it is, what it means and what we can do about it","volume":"62","author":"Toth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1162","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000638","article-title":"Use of risk assessment tools to guide decision-making in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a special report from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology","volume":"139","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905239","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) reduction in persons with cardiovascular disease","volume":"382","author":"Tsimikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.045010","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium for personalized allocation of aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in 2019: the MESA study (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"141","author":"Cainzos-Achirica","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.10.016","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium to improve the efficiency of randomized controlled trials in primary cardiovascular prevention","volume":"14","author":"Cainzos-Achirica","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.07.035","article-title":"Lifetime risk estimation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: where inflammation meets lipoprotein(a)","volume":"78","author":"Rossello","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.12.035","article-title":"Progression of coronary calcium and incident coronary heart disease events: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)","volume":"61","author":"Budoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.027034","article-title":"Value of progression of coronary artery calcification for risk prediction of coronary and cardiovascular events: result of the HNR study (Heinz Nixdorf Recall)","volume":"137","author":"Lehmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2020.06.002","article-title":"Lipoprotein (a) and risk for calcification of the coronary arteries, mitral valve, and thoracic aorta: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.06.048","article-title":"Warranty period of a calcium score of zero: comprehensive analysis from MESA","volume":"14","author":"Dzaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol Img"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721084485?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109721084485?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T13:47:50Z","timestamp":1760017670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109721084485"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109721084485"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Independent Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Coronary Artery Calcification With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.11.058","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}