{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:41:49Z","timestamp":1792813309141,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:34:33Z","timestamp":1770824073000},"page":"1907-1935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Heart Failure Prevention"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Javed","family":"Butler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Shahzeb","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2304-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Girerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Lala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark C.","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Stockbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthiah","family":"Vaduganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-1570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiez","family":"Zannad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2023.05","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Shahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2024.07.001","article-title":"HF stats 2024: heart failure epidemiology and outcomes statistics an updated 2024 report from the Heart Failure Society of America","volume":"31","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","article-title":"Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology","volume":"118","author":"Savarese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320922636","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of the precursor stages of heart failure: results from the population-based STAAB cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Morbach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001258","article-title":"Forecasting the economic burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the united states through 2050: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"150","author":"Kazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.009","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College Of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","article-title":"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"148","author":"Ndumele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(25)02023-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages, echocardiographic characteristics, and heart failure risk: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"85","author":"Lassen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2022.02.009","article-title":"2022 American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association\/Heart Failure Society of America guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary","volume":"28","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2333","volume":"24","author":"McDonagh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.02.020","article-title":"Contemporary American and European guidelines for heart failure management: JACC: Heart Failure guideline comparison","volume":"12","author":"Ostrominski","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","volume":"71","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001307","article-title":"Risk-based primary prevention of heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"151","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients","volume":"342","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.4511","article-title":"Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"McGuire","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2023.02.009","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"59","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2022.07.013","article-title":"Finerenone and heart failure outcomes by kidney function\/albuminuria in chronic kidney disease and diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25296-x","article-title":"Statistical power for MACE and individual secondary endpoints in cardiovascular outcomes trials for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Birker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511939","article-title":"A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control","volume":"373","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062055","article-title":"Clinical implications of negatively adjudicated heart failure events: data from the VICTORIA study","volume":"147","author":"Felker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab073","article-title":"Importance of diagnostic setting in determining mortality in patients with new-onset heart failure: temporal trends in Denmark from 1997 to 2017","volume":"8","author":"Arulmurugananthavadivel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.008538","article-title":"Disparity in the setting of incident heart failure diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Sandhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00657-7","article-title":"Secondary analysis of the EMPACT-MI trial reveals cardiovascular-kidney efficacy and safety of empagliflozin after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"4","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01393-5","article-title":"Prioritising the primary prevention of heart failure","volume":"406","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01394-7","article-title":"Prevention of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"406","author":"Udell","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01384-4","article-title":"Cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic health: an actionable vision for heart failure prevention","volume":"406","author":"Ostrominski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2025.06.013","article-title":"The continuum of prevention and heart failure in cardiovascular medicine: a joint scientific statement from the Heart Failure Society of America and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology","volume":"31","author":"Lala","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.10.025","article-title":"We need simpler and more integrated guidelines in cardio-kidney-metabolic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwad344","article-title":"Blood pressure, hypertension, and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"31","author":"Baffour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","article-title":"Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"387","author":"Ettehad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0022","article-title":"Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity","volume":"3","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib32","article-title":"Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study","volume":"372","author":"Tromp","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.029062","article-title":"Body composition and risk of incident heart failure in 1 million adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"12","author":"Oguntade","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025629","article-title":"Weight loss and heart failure: a nationwide study of gastric bypass surgery versus intensive lifestyle treatment","volume":"135","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050941","article-title":"Association of baseline and longitudinal changes in body composition measures with risk of heart failure and myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: findings from the Look AHEAD trial","volume":"142","author":"Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.01.086","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and incident heart failure: a propensity score matched nationwide cohort study","volume":"378","author":"Kostanjsek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2025.01.022","article-title":"Efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Waqas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.003116","article-title":"Predicting heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction: the international collaboration on heart failure subtypes","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030683","article-title":"Association between age at diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and hospitalization for heart failure: a population-based study","volume":"13","author":"Ke","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1113","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their combination in type 2 diabetes","volume":"45","author":"Wright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2016.08.001","article-title":"Hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and heart failure\u2013free survival: the Cardiovascular Disease Lifetime Risk Pooling project","volume":"4","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.36011\/cpp.2022.4.e10","article-title":"Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: pathophysiology and clinical significance","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Prev Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.01.009","article-title":"Obesity-related heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: the mechanistic rationale for combining inhibitors of aldosterone, neprilysin, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2","volume":"6","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-020-00693-6","article-title":"Physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"36","author":"Aune","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014885","article-title":"Physical activity and incident heart failure in high-risk subgroups: the ARIC study","volume":"9","author":"Florido","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.25","article-title":"Epidemiology and aetiology of heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Ziaeian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001078","article-title":"Life\u2019s Essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association\u2019s construct of cardiovascular health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"146","author":"Lloyd-Jones","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021583","article-title":"Heart failure risk associated with severity of modifiable heart failure risk factors: the ARIC study","volume":"11","author":"Hamo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.03.027","article-title":"American Heart Association\u2019s Life\u2019s Simple 7: avoiding heart failure and preserving cardiac structure and function","volume":"128","author":"Folsom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04011-3","article-title":"Association of Life\u2019s Essential 8 with incidence of heart failure modified by depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study from UK Biobank","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpc.2025.100985","article-title":"Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52101-8","article-title":"The WATCH-DM risk score estimates clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Iwakura","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.125.325602","article-title":"Cardiovascular, kidney, liver, and metabolic interactions in heart failure: breaking down silos","volume":"136","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007761","article-title":"Risk-based approach for the prediction and prevention of heart failure","volume":"14","author":"Sinha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.10.028","article-title":"Albuminuria and heart failure: JACC state of the art review","volume":"81","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.11.1197","article-title":"Profile for estimating risk of heart failure","volume":"159","author":"Kannel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.964841","article-title":"Prediction of incident heart failure in general practice: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"5","author":"Agarwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.768457","article-title":"Incident heart failure prediction in the elderly: the Health ABC heart failure score","volume":"1","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib59","first-page":"838","article-title":"The accuracy of the Framingham risk score in different socioeconomic groups: a prospective study","volume":"55","author":"Brindle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv337","article-title":"cohort profile: the Framingham Heart Study (FHS): overview of milestones in cardiovascular epidemiology","volume":"44","author":"Tsao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.108.831073","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular death in racial\/ethnic minorities using Framingham risk factors","volume":"3","author":"Hurley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.904300","article-title":"Validation of the Health ABC heart failure model for incident heart failure risk prediction: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"3","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib63","article-title":"Validation of ARIC heart failure risk score in an Asian population: results from the CORE-Thailand registry","volume":"25","author":"Osataphan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240567","article-title":"Systematic examination of a heart failure risk prediction tool: the Pooled Cohort Equations to Prevent Heart Failure","volume":"15","author":"Bavishi","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.057","article-title":"10-year risk equations for incident heart failure in the general population","volume":"73","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319595","article-title":"Development and validation of a long-term incident heart failure risk model","volume":"130","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib67","article-title":"Development and validation of risk prediction equations to estimate future risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802743","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0587","article-title":"Machine learning to predict the risk of incident heart failure hospitalization among patients with diabetes: the WATCH-DM risk score","volume":"42","author":"Segar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042685","article-title":"Heart failure risk stratification and efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"140","author":"Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.001","article-title":"Use of risk assessment to guide decision making for blood pressure management in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology","volume":"86","author":"Khan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2025.0492","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled prediction of heart failure risk from single-lead electrocardiograms","volume":"10","author":"Dhingra","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn575","article-title":"Blood pressure reduction and renin-angiotensin system inhibition for prevention of congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Verdecchia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460240051027","article-title":"Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension: final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP)","volume":"265","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00804-7","article-title":"Effects of a perindopril-based blood pressure lowering regimen on cardiac outcomes among patients with cerebrovascular disease","volume":"24","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431","article-title":"Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"360","author":"Duckworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104508","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor\u2013neprilysin inhibition in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"385","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.7588","article-title":"Natriuretic peptide-based screening and collaborative care for heart failure: the STOP-HF randomized trial","volume":"310","author":"Ledwidge","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.46679","article-title":"Choice of endpoints in heart failure trials\u2014cause-specific or all-cause or both?","volume":"7","author":"Kaul","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae885","article-title":"Incident heart failure and recurrent coronary events following acute myocardial infarction","volume":"46","author":"Butler","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2663","article-title":"Sacubitril\/valsartan versus ramipril for patients with acute myocardial infarction: win-ratio analysis of the PARADISE-MI trial","volume":"24","author":"Berwanger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300286","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in myocardial infarction without diabetes or heart failure","volume":"3","author":"James","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314051","article-title":"Empagliflozin after acute myocardial infarction","volume":"390","author":"Butler","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-025-10495-1","article-title":"The SARAH trial: more evidence on the role of neurohormonal blockers in prevention of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"30","author":"Mecinaj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.784215","article-title":"Long-term trends in the incidence of heart failure after myocardial infarction","volume":"118","author":"Velagaleti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-324160","article-title":"Inpatient versus outpatient diagnosis of heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction: a population cohort study","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.566","article-title":"European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions","volume":"18","author":"Crespo-Leiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.016010","article-title":"One-year mortality after intensification of outpatient diuretic therapy","volume":"9","author":"Madelaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066506","article-title":"Outpatient worsening among patients with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction heart failure in the DELIVER trial","volume":"148","author":"Chatur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.recesp.2023.06.002","article-title":"SGLT2I and loop diuretic withdrawal or down-titration in heart failure","volume":"76","author":"Domingo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad283","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and diuretic utilization in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: the DELIVER trial","volume":"44","author":"Chatur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.1090","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of empagliflozin and diuretic use in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: a post hoc analysis of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial","volume":"8","author":"Butler","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2025.04.016","article-title":"Screening for undiagnosed heart failure: a viewpoint","volume":"31","author":"Ferreira","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.07.012","article-title":"The International Polycap Study 3 (TIPS-3): design, baseline characteristics and challenges in conduct","volume":"206","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.12.016","article-title":"Rationale and design of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE)","volume":"212","author":"Grinspoon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.5599","article-title":"Association of subclinical heart maladaptation with the Pooled Cohort Equations to Prevent Heart Failure risk score for incident heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Cauwenberghs","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.5596","article-title":"Prognostic value of cardiovascular biomarkers in the population","volume":"331","author":"Neumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1708","article-title":"Association of serial measures of cardiac troponin T using a sensitive assay with incident heart failure and cardiovascular mortality in older adults","volume":"304","author":"deFilippi","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.129437","article-title":"Prognostic utility of novel biomarkers of cardiovascular stress: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.929661","article-title":"Multimarker approach for the prediction of heart failure incidence in the community","volume":"122","author":"Velagaleti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.069","article-title":"PONTIAC (NT-proBNP selected prevention of cardiac events in a population of diabetic patients without a history of cardiac disease): a prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Huelsmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23814","article-title":"Cardiovascular event rate and death in high-risk secondary prevention patient cohort in Finland: a registry study","volume":"45","author":"Toppila","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.38284","article-title":"Validating the PREVENT equations\u2014a contemporary update to cardiovascular risk assessment","volume":"7","author":"Mangalesh","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302938","article-title":"Public health and hospitals: lessons learned from partnerships in a changing health care environment","volume":"106","author":"Scutchfield","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.0077","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"8","author":"Cohen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.14501","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"4","author":"Isaza","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib111","article-title":"Dried blood spots to assess cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health","volume":"14","author":"Jacobson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03790322","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin as a treatment for chronic kidney disease: a health-economic analysis of DAPA-CKD","volume":"17","author":"McEwan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.101230","article-title":"Moving toward a consensus: comparison of the 2023 ESH and 2017 ACC\/AHA hypertension guidelines","volume":"3","author":"Vemu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0014","article-title":"Heart failure: an underappreciated complication of diabetes. a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association","volume":"45","author":"Pop-Busui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000323","article-title":"Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health syndrome: what does the American Heart Association framework mean for nephrology?","volume":"35","author":"Bansal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.05.007","volume":"86","author":"Jones","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-03339-z","article-title":"Correlation between overall lifestyle score and advanced stages among patients with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: NHANES 2011-2020","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013777","article-title":"Early detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and improvement with heart failure therapy","volume":"131","author":"Cardinale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300041","article-title":"Individualized treatment effect prediction with machine learning\u2014salient considerations","volume":"3","author":"Desai","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.70047","article-title":"An individual treatment effect approach to predict response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"27","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.048","article-title":"Improving heart failure therapeutics development in the united states: the heart failure collaboratory","volume":"71","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["JACC"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109725105603?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0735109725105603?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T08:37:49Z","timestamp":1781253469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0735109725105603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0735109725105603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Heart Failure Prevention","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}