{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:28:51Z","timestamp":1792632531266,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,5,26]],"date-time":"2027-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1811289600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":390,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008548","name":"Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008548","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:34:24Z","timestamp":1770824064000},"page":"2764-2781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets on Metabolomic Indices and Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5694-2441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5478-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binkai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana A.","family":"Zeleznik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Heather","family":"Eliassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clary","family":"Clish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Mukamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric B.","family":"Rimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank B.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-072003","article-title":"Comparison of seven popular structured dietary programmes and risk of mortality and major cardiovascular events in patients at increased cardiovascular risk: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"380","author":"Karam","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010152","article-title":"Dietary macronutrient intake and cardiovascular disease risk and mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055317","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women","volume":"355","author":"Halton","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.07.055","article-title":"Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.13771","article-title":"Trends in dietary carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake and diet quality among US adults, 1999-2016","volume":"322","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0708681","article-title":"Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet","volume":"359","author":"Shai","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data","volume":"372","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3774","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12123774","article-title":"The effect of low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets on weight loss and lipid levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chawla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/M22-1787","article-title":"Effect of calorie-unrestricted low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet versus high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"176","author":"Hansen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0180","article-title":"Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial","volume":"161","author":"Bazzano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515004699","article-title":"Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"115","author":"Mansoor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib12","article-title":"Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"369","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8678","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01374J","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diet and risk of cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314838","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diet score and coronary artery calcium progression: results from the CARDIA study","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.022","article-title":"Associations between macronutrient intake and coronary heart disease (CHD): the Rotterdam study","volume":"40","author":"Voortman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.09.006","article-title":"Low-fat diet redux at WHO","volume":"118","author":"Ludwig","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.100924","article-title":"Association of a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet with plasma lipid levels and cardiovascular risk","volume":"3","author":"Iatan","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Adv"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0245","article-title":"Effect of low-fat vs low-carbohydrate diet on 12-month weight loss in overweight adults and the association with genotype pattern or insulin secretion: the DIETFITS randomized clinical trial","volume":"319","author":"Gardner","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.6980","article-title":"Association of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets with mortality among US adults","volume":"180","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2002.10719227","article-title":"Intake of refined carbohydrates and whole grain foods in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqac058","article-title":"Associations of lower-carbohydrate and lower-fat diets with mortality among people with prediabetes","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13639","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets, low-fat diets, and mortality in middle-aged and older people: a prospective cohort study","volume":"294","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-2310","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diet scores and mortality among adults with incident type 2 diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2702","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac235","article-title":"Associations of moderate low-carbohydrate diets with mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study","volume":"107","author":"Wan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303338","article-title":"Origin, methods, and evolution of the three nurses\u2019 health studies","volume":"106","author":"Bao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"8765","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90542-W","article-title":"Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men","volume":"338","author":"Rimm","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0801549","article-title":"Plasma leptin concentrations and four-year weight gain among US men","volume":"25","author":"Chu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-012-2391-z","article-title":"Postmenopausal plasma sex hormone levels and breast cancer risk over 20 years of follow-up","volume":"137","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231504","article-title":"Coffee, caffeine, and cardiovascular disease in men","volume":"323","author":"Grobbee","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab368","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of diet quality scores derived from food-frequency questionnaires","volume":"115","author":"Yue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05692-8","article-title":"Plasma metabolite profiles related to plant-based diets and the risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"122","author":"Willett","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww104","article-title":"Validity of a dietary questionnaire assessed by comparison with multiple weighed dietary records or 24-hour recalls","volume":"185","author":"Yuan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211","article-title":"Reproducibility and validity of an expanded self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire among male health professionals","volume":"135","author":"Rimm","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-5-201009070-00003","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: two cohort studies","volume":"153","author":"Fung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4454","article-title":"Association between rotating night shift work and risk of coronary heart disease among women","volume":"315","author":"Vetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00048-6","article-title":"Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"13","author":"Curb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.05.049","article-title":"Lignan intake and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"78","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113804","article-title":"Test of the National Death Index","volume":"119","author":"Stampfer","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280532","article-title":"Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile","volume":"310","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.199133","article-title":"Reproducibility of metabolomic profiles among men and women in 2 large cohort studies","volume":"59","author":"Townsend","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12050372","article-title":"Intrapersonal stability of plasma metabolomic profiles over 10 years among women","volume":"12","author":"Zeleznik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38466-w","article-title":"Plasma metabolite profile for primary open-angle glaucoma in three US cohorts and the UK Biobank","volume":"14","author":"Zeleznik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.503","article-title":"Physical activity at midlife in relation to successful survival in women at age 70 years or older","volume":"170","author":"Sun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib45","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic status and mortality in the Nurses\u2019 Health Study (NHS) and the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II (NHSII)","volume":"7","author":"DeVille","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-011-9626-x","article-title":"Cereal fiber and coronary heart disease: a comparison of modeling approaches for repeated dietary measurements, intermediate outcomes, and long follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Bernstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq368","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in the nurses\u2019 health study: a competing risks analysis","volume":"173","author":"Baer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00367-8","article-title":"Effect of low-fat diet interventions versus other diet interventions on long-term weight change in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Tobias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041215","article-title":"Role of creatine in the heart: health and disease","volume":"13","author":"Balestrino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000568","article-title":"Low carbohydrate diet: are concerns with saturated fat, lipids, and cardiovascular disease risk justified?","volume":"27","author":"Diamond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuz082","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets and cardiometabolic health: the importance of carbohydrate quality over quantity","volume":"78","author":"Sievenpiper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"10338","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00122-2","article-title":"Long-term secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet and a low-fat diet (CORDIOPREV): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"399","author":"Delgado-Lista","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.2176","article-title":"Association between healthy eating patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"180","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib54","article-title":"Intake of whole grain foods and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective cohort studies","volume":"370","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib55","article-title":"Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"353","author":"Aune","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4490","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"349","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-071609","article-title":"Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review","volume":"381","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib58","article-title":"Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"351","author":"de Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10170","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31809-9","article-title":"Carbohydrate quality and human health: a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"393","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2870","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz174","article-title":"Lower carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study and pooling of prospective studies","volume":"40","author":"Mazidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1344","article-title":"Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis","volume":"337","author":"Sofi","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.160499","article-title":"The Mediterranean Diet Score and mortality are inversely associated in adults living in the subarctic region","volume":"142","author":"Tognon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.10397","article-title":"Comparison of weight loss among named diet programs in overweight and obese adults: a meta-analysis","volume":"312","author":"Johnston","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.03.011","article-title":"Associations of lower-carbohydrate and lower-fat diets with mortality among people with cardiovascular disease","volume":"154","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071406","article-title":"Low-carbohydrate diets and mortality in older Asian people: a 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101997","article-title":"Overall, plant-based, or animal-based low carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"90","author":"Ghorbani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqaa140","article-title":"A metabolomic study of red and processed meat intake and acylcarnitine concentrations in human urine and blood","volume":"112","author":"Wedekind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330410","article-title":"Interplay between diet, circulating indolepropionate concentrations and cardiometabolic health in US populations","volume":"72","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5729","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50125-2","article-title":"Plasma metabolomics reveals the shared and distinct metabolic disturbances associated with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease","volume":"15","author":"Lv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["JACC"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510972510569X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S073510972510569X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:26:46Z","timestamp":1784680006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S073510972510569X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S073510972510569X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0735-1097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0735-1097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Low-Carbohydrate and Low-Fat Diets on Metabolomic Indices and Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Individuals","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.12.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}