{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:00:22Z","timestamp":1792476022281,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T11:15:02Z","timestamp":1541070902000},"page":"231-241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Real-World Comparison of Classes\u00a0IC\u00a0and\u00a0III Antiarrhythmic Drugs as\u00a0an Initial Rhythm Control Strategy in\u00a0Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kipp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mintu P.","family":"Turakhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.022","article-title":"2014 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society","volume":"64","author":"January","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw295","article-title":"2016 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS","volume":"18","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euq450","article-title":"Mixed treatment comparison of dronedarone, amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide, and propafenone, for the management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Freemantle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.001499","article-title":"Comparisons of hospitalization rates among younger atrial fibrillation patients receiving different antiarrhythmic drugs","volume":"8","author":"Allen LaPointe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib5","first-page":"CD005049","article-title":"Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation","author":"Lafuente-Lafuente","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2012.10.010","article-title":"Differences and trends in stroke prevention anticoagulation in primary care vs cardiology specialty management of new atrial fibrillation: The Retrospective Evaluation and Assessment of Therapies in AF (TREAT-AF) study","volume":"165","author":"Turakhia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.060","article-title":"Increased mortality associated with digoxin in contemporary patients with atrial fibrillation: findings from the TREAT-AF study","volume":"64","author":"Turakhia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.003057","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation burden and short-term risk of stroke: case-crossover analysis of continuously recorded heart rhythm from cardiac electronic implanted devices","volume":"8","author":"Turakhia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.09.045","article-title":"Impact of baseline stroke risk and bleeding risk on warfarin international normalized ratio control in atrial fibrillation (from the TREAT-AF Study)","volume":"119","author":"Hellyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib11","unstructured":"Tarlov E. Applying Comorbidity Measures Using VA and Medicare Data. 2011 VIReC Database and Methods Cyber Seminar Series. Hines, IL: VA Information Resource Center."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/106286060401900504","article-title":"Identifying hypertension-related comorbidities from administrative data: what's the optimal approach?","volume":"19","author":"Borzecki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2864","article-title":"Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"285","author":"Gage","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584","article-title":"Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation","volume":"137","author":"Lip","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A\u00a0new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309266","article-title":"Warfarin utilisation and anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease","volume":"103","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181d61eeb","article-title":"Negative controls: a tool for detecting confounding and bias in observational studies","volume":"21","author":"Lipsitch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1883","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of standard-dose nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and warfarin among patients with atrial fibrillation with a single stroke risk factor: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Lip","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00559-X","article-title":"Maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation: an AFFIRM substudy of the first antiarrhythmic drug","volume":"42","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.04.015","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardioversion: results of the PAFAC trial","volume":"25","author":"Fetsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.014","article-title":"Suppression of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias\u2014results of the SOPAT trial","volume":"25","author":"Patten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707855","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure","volume":"378","author":"Marrouche","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.041","article-title":"Catheter ablation versus medical rate control in atrial fibrillation and systolic dysfunction: the CAMERA-MRI Study","volume":"70","author":"Prabhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019406","article-title":"Ablation versus amiodarone for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure and an implanted device: results from the AATAC multicenter randomized trial","volume":"133","author":"Di Biase","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.3.292","article-title":"Efficacy of dofetilide in the treatment of atrial fibrillation-flutter in patients with reduced left ventricular function: a Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) substudy","volume":"104","author":"Pedersen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur102","article-title":"Impact of dronedarone on hospitalization burden in patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the ATHENA study","volume":"13","author":"Torp-Pedersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X18307953?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X18307953?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:26:20Z","timestamp":1762500380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405500X18307953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405500X18307953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-500X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-500X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Real-World Comparison of Classes\u00a0IC\u00a0and\u00a0III Antiarrhythmic Drugs as\u00a0an Initial Rhythm Control Strategy in\u00a0Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.08.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}