{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:18:10Z","timestamp":1773022690392,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007497","name":"Biosense Webster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004374","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005035","name":"Biotronik","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T17:12:36Z","timestamp":1553706756000},"page":"590-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Second-Generation Cryoballoon Atrial\u00a0Fibrillation Ablation in Patients With Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Rillig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sohns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natale Daniele","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Reissmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Leme\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naotaka","family":"Hashiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shibu","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tillman","family":"Dahme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feifan","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Kuck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roland Richard","family":"Tilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Metzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian-Hendrik","family":"Heeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595140","article-title":"Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence","volume":"114","author":"Miyasaka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003","article-title":"Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins","volume":"339","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"1998","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.10.023","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of focal triggers in persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Santangeli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib4","first-page":"164","article-title":"Impact of uncontrolled hypertension on atrial fibrillation ablation outcome","volume":"1","author":"Santoro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol EP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib5","series-title":"The Science and Practice of Pediatric Cardiology","first-page":"1668","author":"GarsonAJr","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199208000-00009","article-title":"Left-sided superior vena cava: a not-so-unusual vascular anomaly discovered during central venous and pulmonary artery catheterization","volume":"20","author":"Leibowitz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib7","series-title":"Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease","author":"Abbott","year":"1936"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000116753.56467.BC","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation originating from persistent left superior vena cava","volume":"109","author":"Hsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.05.024","article-title":"Left superior vena cava isolation in patients undergoing pulmonary vein antrum isolation: impact on atrial fibrillation recurrence","volume":"3","author":"Elayi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602014","article-title":"Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"374","author":"Kuck","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup203","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation within the dilated coronary sinus in a case of persistent left superior vena cava","volume":"11","author":"Schneider","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eus027","article-title":"2012 HRS\/EHRA\/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: recommendations for patient selection, procedural techniques, patient management and follow-up, definitions, endpoints, and research trial design","volume":"14","author":"Calkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.001473","article-title":"One-year clinical outcome after pulmonary vein isolation using the second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon","volume":"7","author":"Metzner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000228","article-title":"Increased incidence of esophageal thermal lesions using the second-generation 28-mm cryoballoon","volume":"6","author":"Metzner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12358","article-title":"The incidence of phrenic nerve injury during pulmonary vein isolation using the second-generation 28 mm cryoballoon","volume":"25","author":"Metzner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.113.000517","article-title":"Novel electromyographic monitoring technique for prevention of right phrenic nerve palsy during cryoballoon ablation","volume":"6","author":"Franceschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euw233","article-title":"First insights into cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation taking the individual time-to-isolation into account","volume":"19","author":"Reissmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-016-0987-8","article-title":"Bonus-freeze: benefit or risk? Two-year outcome and procedural comparison of a \u201cbonus-freeze\u201d and \u201cno bonus-freeze\u201d protocol using the second-generation cryoballoon for pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"105","author":"Heeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.05.079","article-title":"Prevalence of persistent superior vena cava and association with congenital heart anomalies","volume":"112","author":"Perles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2002.0248","article-title":"Anomalies of cardiac venous drainage associated with abnormalities of cardiac conduction system","volume":"4","author":"Morgan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00216.x","article-title":"Electric potentials from a persistent left superior vena cava draining into coronary sinus","volume":"10","author":"Naik","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.1.4","article-title":"Existence of muscles surrounding the persistent left superior vena cava demonstrated by electroanatomical mapping","volume":"88","author":"Dong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib23","first-page":"S1547","article-title":"Electrophysiological features and radiofrequency catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in patients with persistent left superior vena cava","volume":"Suppl","author":"Uhm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-018-0444-x","article-title":"Persistent left superior vena cava as an arrhythmogenic source in atrial fibrillation: results from a multicenter experience","volume":"54","author":"Turagam","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2010.08.005","article-title":"Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in patients with persistent left superior vena cava is associated with major intraprocedural complications","volume":"7","author":"Wissner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib26","first-page":"154","article-title":"Complications in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in 3,000 consecutive procedures: balloon versus radiofrequency current ablation","volume":"3","author":"Chun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol EP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0789-1","article-title":"Cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a case of persistent left superior vena cava","volume":"18","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eux219","article-title":"Is less more? Impact of different ablation protocols on periprocedural complications in second-generation cryoballoon based pulmonary vein isolation","volume":"20","author":"Rottner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-1334","article-title":"Three-year clinical outcome after 2nd-generation cryoballoon-based pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: a 2-center experience","volume":"81","author":"Heeger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib30","first-page":"282","article-title":"How to pace phrenic nerve in congenital persistent left superior caval vein and atresia of right superior caval vein?","volume":"4","author":"Santoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol EP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.05.011","article-title":"Effect of radiofrequency energy delivery in proximity to metallic medical device components","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X19301458?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X19301458?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:26:34Z","timestamp":1762500394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405500X19301458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405500X19301458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-500X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-500X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Second-Generation Cryoballoon Atrial\u00a0Fibrillation Ablation in Patients With Persistent Left Superior Caval Vein","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.02.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}