{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:06:15Z","timestamp":1788303975749,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T16:33:43Z","timestamp":1648658023000},"page":"513-525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Proarrhythmic Effects of Sympathetic Activation Are Mitigated by Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Infarcted Hearts"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Hoang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep S.","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daigo","family":"Yagishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keijiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Lux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marmar","family":"Vaseghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.01.003","article-title":"The role of the autonomic nervous system in sudden cardiac death","volume":"50","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.09.021","article-title":"Neural modulation of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death","volume":"3","author":"Zipes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.114.002195","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve stimulation, not circulating norepinephrine, modulates T-peak to T-end interval by increasing global dispersion of repolarization","volume":"8","author":"Yagishita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.1.178","article-title":"Delayed afterdepolarizations elicited in\u00a0vivo by left stellate ganglion stimulation","volume":"78","author":"Priori","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1241","article-title":"Differential response to right and left ansae subclaviae stimulation of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachycardia induced by cesium in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Ben-David","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1579","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00558.2015","article-title":"Vagal nerve stimulation activates vagal afferent fibers that reduce cardiac efferent parasympathetic effects","volume":"309","author":"Yamakawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H722","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00279.2014","article-title":"Electrophysiological effects of right and left vagal nerve stimulation on the ventricular myocardium","volume":"307","author":"Yamakawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr105","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation protects against ventricular fibrillation independent of muscarinic receptor activation","volume":"91","author":"Brack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.49.5.943","article-title":"Beneficial effects of vagal stimulation and bradycardia during experimental acute myocardial ischemia","volume":"49","author":"Myers","year":"1974","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.38.2.81","article-title":"Effect of vagal stimulation on the overflow of norepinephrine into the coronary sinus during cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation in the dog","volume":"38","author":"Levy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.69.4.1060","article-title":"Alpha-adrenergic modulation of ionic currents in cultured parasympathetic neurons from rat intracardiac ganglia","volume":"69","author":"Xu","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.86715","article-title":"Parasympathetic dysfunction and antiarrhythmic effect of vagal nerve stimulation following myocardial infarction","volume":"2","author":"Vaseghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H392","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00644.2016","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic innervation via middle cervical and stellate ganglia and antiarrhythmic mechanism of bilateral stellectomy","volume":"312","author":"Irie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.1.281","article-title":"Correlation between in\u00a0vivo transmembrane action potential durations and activation-recovery intervals from electrograms. Effects of interventions that alter repolarization time","volume":"81","author":"Haws","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.6.1372","article-title":"Correlation between refractory periods and activation-recovery intervals from electrograms: effects of rate and adrenergic interventions","volume":"72","author":"Millar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.65.702","article-title":"Correlation between the effective refractory period and activation-recovery interval calculated from the intracardiac unipolar electrogram of humans with and without dl-sotalol treatment","volume":"65","author":"Chinushi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000141734.43393.BE","article-title":"Determination of human ventricular repolarization by noncontact mapping: validation with monophasic action potential recordings","volume":"110","author":"Yue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.16.1960","article-title":"Relationship between regional cardiac hyperinnervation and ventricular arrhythmia","volume":"101","author":"Cao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271840","article-title":"Molecular and cellular neurocardiology: development, and cellular and molecular adaptations to heart disease","volume":"594","author":"Habecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-012-9314-2","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the autonomic modulation of ventricular fibrillation initiation--tentative prophylactic properties of vagus nerve stimulation on malignant arrhythmias in heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Brack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.02.029","article-title":"Characterization of myocardial scars: electrophysiological imaging correlates in a porcine infarct model","volume":"8","author":"Nakahara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2011.11.016","article-title":"The cardiac sympathetic co-transmitter galanin reduces acetylcholine release and vagal bradycardia: implications for neural control of cardiac excitability","volume":"52","author":"Herring","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135519","article-title":"Cardiac sympathetic activation circumvents high-dose beta blocker therapy in part through release of neuropeptide Y","volume":"5","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.018028","article-title":"Continuous low-level vagus nerve stimulation reduces stellate ganglion nerve activity and paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias in ambulatory canines","volume":"123","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2229","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00768.2003","article-title":"Infarction alters both the distribution and noradrenergic properties of cardiac sympathetic neurons","volume":"286","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271165","article-title":"Myocardial infarction induces structural and functional remodelling of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system","volume":"594","author":"Rajendran","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155747","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.155747","article-title":"Myocardial infarction reduces cardiac nociceptive neurotransmissions through the vagal ganglia.","volume":"7","author":"Salavatian","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.01.029","article-title":"Low-level vagus nerve stimulation upregulates small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in the stellate ganglion","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.04.032","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve fibers in human cervical and thoracic vagus nerves","volume":"11","author":"Seki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6887","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274678","article-title":"Defining\u00a0the neural fulcrum for chronic vagus\u00a0nerve stimulation: implications for integrated cardiac control","volume":"595","author":"Ardell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2015.45.2.149","article-title":"Cervical vagal nerve stimulation activates the stellate ganglion in ambulatory dogs","volume":"45","author":"Rhee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib32","first-page":"75","article-title":"Comparison of symptomatic and functional responses to vagus nerve stimulation in ANTHEM-HF, INOVATE-HF, and NECTAR-HF","volume":"7","author":"Anand","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.08.009","article-title":"Autonomic regulation therapy via left or right cervical vagus nerve stimulation in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the ANTHEM-HF trial","volume":"20","author":"Premchand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.653568","article-title":"Infarct tissue heterogeneity by magnetic resonance imaging identifies enhanced cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"115","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613414","article-title":"Characterization of the peri-infarct zone by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful predictor of post-myocardial infarction mortality","volume":"114","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.111.260943","article-title":"High-resolution 3-dimensional reconstruction of the infarct border zone: impact of structural remodeling on electrical activation","volume":"111","author":"Rutherford","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00308-4","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve sprouting, electrical remodeling and the mechanisms of sudden cardiac death","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.7.816","article-title":"Nerve sprouting and sudden cardiac death","volume":"86","author":"Cao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euy260","article-title":"Prolonged action potential duration and dynamic transmural action potential duration heterogeneity underlie vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia in patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia ablation","volume":"21","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Europace"}],"container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X22001268?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X22001268?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:30:19Z","timestamp":1762500619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405500X22001268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405500X22001268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-500X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-500X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Proarrhythmic Effects of Sympathetic Activation Are Mitigated by Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Infarcted Hearts","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2022.01.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}