{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T11:01:34Z","timestamp":1771930894663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T14:00:08Z","timestamp":1706104808000},"page":"604-610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Polarity-Dependent, Reduced or No-Output Shocks in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ringle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2023.11.006","article-title":"Failure to defibrillate or cardiovert due to premature truncation of biphasic shocks from implantable defibrillators","volume":"21","author":"Hauser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib4","first-page":"173","article-title":"Electron emission in intense electric fields","volume":"119","author":"Fowler","year":"1928","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5020511","article-title":"Plasma physics of liquids\u2014a focused review","volume":"5","author":"Vanraes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl Phys Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.217406","article-title":"Probing the electron delocalization in liquid water and ice at attosecond time scales","volume":"99","author":"Nordlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6595\/aa940d","article-title":"Foundations of DC plasma sources","volume":"26","author":"Gudmundsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1109\/MODSYM.2002.1189450","article-title":"Electrical breakdown of sub-millimeter water gaps","author":"Katsuki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth International Power Modulator Symposium, 2002 and 2002 High-Voltage Workshop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.14311\/ppt.2017.1.20","article-title":"Utilisation of the high speed camera for the pin-hole discharge diagnostics","volume":"4","author":"Koz\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plasma Physics and Technology J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1049\/hve.2016.0016","article-title":"Formation mechanism of streamer discharges in liquids: a review","volume":"1","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"High Voltage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib12","article-title":"Failure to terminate ventricular fibrillation with multiple implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks caused by shock polarity: is it time to think more about shock polarity programming?","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol EP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2005.05.014","article-title":"Unpredictable implantable cardioverter-defibrillator pulse generator failure due to electrical overstress causing sudden death in a young high-risk patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"2","author":"Gornick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.12.002","article-title":"Insight into the mechanism of failure of the Riata lead under advisory","volume":"12","author":"Parkash","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12738","article-title":"Sudden and fatal malfunction of a durata defibrillator lead due to external insulation failure","volume":"39","author":"Shah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.07.013","article-title":"User-reported abrasion-related lead failure is more common with Durata compared to other implantable cardiac defibrillator leads","volume":"12","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2019.05.021","article-title":"Why low-voltage shock impedance measurements fail to reliably detect insulation breaches in transvenous defibrillation leads","volume":"16","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00065.x","article-title":"Direct evidence of the role of virtual electrode-induced phase singularity in success and failure of defibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Efimov","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1139\/y00-115","article-title":"The mechanisms of the vulnerable window: the role of virtual electrodes and shock polarity","volume":"79","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00923.x","article-title":"Effect of shock polarity on biphasic defibrillation thresholds using an active pectoral lead system","volume":"9","author":"Olsovsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.2006.00456.x","article-title":"Present understanding of shock polarity for internal defibrillation: the obvious and non-obvious clinical implications","volume":"29","author":"Kroll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-015-9980-9","article-title":"Multicentre comparison Of shock efficacy using single-vs. Dual-coil lead systems and Anodal vs. cathodaL polarITY defibrillation in patients undergoing transvenous cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. The MODALITY study","volume":"43","author":"Baccillieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Interv Card Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib23","article-title":"Influence of discharge polarity on streamer breakdown criterion of ambient air in a non-uniform electric field","volume":"56","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physics D: Applied Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/39\/2\/018","article-title":"Analysis of polarity effects in the electrical breakdown of liquids","volume":"39","author":"Qian","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physics D: Applied Physics"}],"container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X23009064?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X23009064?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T07:33:24Z","timestamp":1762500804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405500X23009064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405500X23009064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-500X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-500X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Polarity-Dependent, Reduced or No-Output Shocks in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}