{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:09:36Z","timestamp":1791266976519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacc.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T14:32:34Z","timestamp":1745505154000},"page":"1699-1707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Suppress Premature Ventricular Contractions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3284-2515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanos","family":"Zafeiropoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristie","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9778-1728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Varrias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Leavitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1143-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bekiaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodoros","family":"Zanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Zanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4370-8135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Stavrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Mountantonakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.01.085","article-title":"Clinical and electrophysiological spectrum of idiopathic ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006028","article-title":"Ectopy on a single 12-lead ECG, incident cardiac myopathy, and death in the community","volume":"6","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000159387.00749.3c","article-title":"Cellular mechanism of calcium-mediated triggered activity in the heart","volume":"96","author":"Katra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.68.12.589","article-title":"Reappraisal of the coupling interval of ventricular extrasystoles as an index of ectopic mechanisms","volume":"68","author":"Murakawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2007.11.026","article-title":"Relationship of frequent postinfarction premature ventricular complexes to the reentry circuit of scar-related ventricular tachycardia","volume":"5","author":"Bogun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac262","volume":"43","author":"Zeppenfeld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.10.054","article-title":"2017 AHA\/ACC\/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death","volume":"72","author":"Al-Khatib","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.01.021","article-title":"Class 1C antiarrhythmics for premature ventricular complex suppression in nonischemic cardiomyopathy with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"10","author":"Raad","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.04.026","article-title":"Reversal of outflow tract ventricular premature depolarization\u2013induced cardiomyopathy with ablation: effect of residual arrhythmia burden and preexisting cardiomyopathy on outcome","volume":"8","author":"Mountantonakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2023.07.003","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for cardiovascular diseases: is there light at the end of the tunnel?","volume":"34","author":"Zafeiropoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.11.008","article-title":"TREAT AF (Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Suppress Atrial Fibrillation): a randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Stavrakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.12.026","article-title":"Low-level transcutaneous electrical vagus nerve stimulation suppresses atrial fibrillation","volume":"65","author":"Stavrakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2023.05.011","article-title":"Insights into the effects of low-level vagus nerve stimulation on atrial electrophysiology: towards patient-tailored cardiac neuromodulation","volume":"9","author":"Kharbanda","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089","article-title":"The nerve supply of the human auricle","volume":"15","author":"Peuker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Anatomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12400","article-title":"Predictors of outcome after catheter ablation of premature ventricular complexes","volume":"25","author":"Baser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.13944","article-title":"Premature ventricular contraction diurnal profiles predict distinct clinical characteristics and beta-blocker responses","volume":"30","author":"Hamon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.867705","article-title":"The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on ventricular electrophysiology and nitric oxide release in the rabbit heart","volume":"13","author":"Allen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.08.009","article-title":"Low-amplitude, left vagus nerve stimulation significantly attenuates ventricular dysfunction and infarct size through prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction during acute ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"10","author":"Shinlapawittayatorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.68.5.1471","article-title":"Vagal stimulation and prevention of sudden death in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction","volume":"68","author":"Vanoli","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.01.029","article-title":"Low-level vagus nerve stimulation upregulates small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in the stellate ganglion","volume":"10","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.11.031","article-title":"Intermittent left cervical vagal nerve stimulation damages the stellate ganglia and reduces the ventricular rate during sustained atrial fibrillation in ambulatory dogs","volume":"13","author":"Chinda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-013-0545-6","article-title":"Autonomic involvement in idiopathic premature ventricular contractions","volume":"102","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7417912","article-title":"Utility of circadian variability patterns in differentiating origins of premature ventricular complexes","volume":"2020","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Interven Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2011.02070.x","article-title":"Low-level right vagal stimulation: anticholinergic and antiadrenergic effects","volume":"22","author":"Sha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-059337","article-title":"Prevalence and heart rate variability characteristics of premature ventricular contractions detected by 24-hour Holter among outpatients with palpitations in China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023582","article-title":"Neuromodulation of inflammation to treat heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a pilot randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Stavrakis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030539","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation and inflammation in cardiovascular disease: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"12","author":"Bazoukis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.009288","article-title":"Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates the phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction through its anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"15","author":"Elkholey","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07713-2","article-title":"Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Suppress Premature Ventricular Complexes (TREAT PVC): study protocol for a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-024-04568-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for frequent premature ventricular complexes: rationale and design of the TASC-V trial","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Therapies"}],"container-title":["JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X25002646?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405500X25002646?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T02:17:35Z","timestamp":1785550655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405500X25002646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2405500X25002646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-500X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-500X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transcutaneous Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Suppress Premature Ventricular Contractions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacep.2025.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}