{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:27:13Z","timestamp":1786991233308,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]],"date-time":"2005-01-04T07:16:50Z","timestamp":1104823010000},"page":"67-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Decreased prevalence of asthma among farm-reared children compared with those who are rural but not farm-reared"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Alan","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Tager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana R.","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00799.x","article-title":"Austrian children living on a farm have less hay fever, asthma and allergic sensitization","volume":"30","author":"Riedler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3","article-title":"Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"358","author":"Riedler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00801.x","article-title":"Reduced risk of hay fever and asthma among children of farmers","volume":"30","author":"Von Ehrenstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2103137","article-title":"Does living on a farm during childhood protect against asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in adulthood?","volume":"164","author":"Leynaert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9908119","article-title":"Relative scarcity of asthma and atopy among rural adolescents raised on a farm","volume":"161","author":"Ernst","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.t01-1-23644.x","article-title":"Farm residence and exposures and the risk of allergic diseases in New Zealand children","volume":"57","author":"Wickens","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.037","article-title":"Asthma prevalence and morbidity among rural Iowa schoolchildren","volume":"113","author":"Chrischilles","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12020315","article-title":"Worldwide variations in the prevalence of asthma symptoms: the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)","volume":"12","author":"Anonymous","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00205801","article-title":"The European Community Respiratory Health Survey: what are the main results so far? European Community Respiratory Health Survey II","volume":"18","author":"Janson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1998.11747978","article-title":"Prevalence of childhood asthma in the tropics","volume":"18","author":"Brabin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17304220","article-title":"Higher occurrence of asthma-related symptoms in an urban than a suburban area in adults, but not in children","volume":"17","author":"Wieringa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib12","first-page":"362S","article-title":"Inner-city asthma: the epidemiology of an emerging US public health concern","volume":"101","author":"Weiss","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib13","first-page":"5322","article-title":"[Great geographic variations in the prevalence of asthma and allergy: international population studies to explain the associative factors]","volume":"98","author":"Braback","year":"1921","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1995.tb00019.x","article-title":"Time trends in asthma and allergy: ten questions, fewer answers","volume":"25","author":"Strachan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2500\/108854100778249042","article-title":"Genetics of asthma and allergy","volume":"21","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-002-0013-2","article-title":"The role of allergens in the induction of asthma","volume":"2","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70536-1","article-title":"Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood","volume":"103","author":"Williams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01269.x","article-title":"The role of the farm environment and animal contact for the development of asthma and allergies","volume":"31","author":"Braun-Fahrlander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.1999.00896.x","article-title":"Allergic disease in teenagers in relation to urban or rural residence at various stages of childhood","volume":"54","author":"Nilsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.1.77","article-title":"Asthma in non-inner city Head Start children","volume":"102","author":"McGill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib21","unstructured":"US Government Statistical Database: CCD Public School Data. National Center for Educational Statistics. US Government 2000-2001. Available at: http:\/\/ nces.ed.gov\/ccd\/school\/National Public School and School District Locator. Accessed 15 April 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030483","article-title":"International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods","volume":"8","author":"Asher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.028s5052.x","article-title":"The 14 International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): ISAAC Steeriing Committee","volume":"28","author":"Asher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib24","first-page":"57","article-title":"[Aims and methods of the ISAAC study (International study of asthma and allergy in childhood)]","volume":"20","author":"Anonymous","year":"1997","journal-title":"An Sist Sanit Navar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1159\/000237008","article-title":"Dog and cat allergens and asthma among school children in Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA: altitude 7,200 feet","volume":"107","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01254.x","article-title":"Early, current and past pet ownership: associations with sensitization, bronchial responsiveness and allergic symptoms in school children","volume":"32","author":"Anyo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200204000-00009","article-title":"Do animals on the farm and in the home reduce the risk of pediatric atopy?","volume":"2","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/09629350152700902","article-title":"Decreased prevalence of asthma among children with high exposure to cat allergen: relevance of the modified Th2 response","volume":"10","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib29","first-page":"872","article-title":"Infection: friend or foe in the development of atopy and asthma? the epidemiological evidence","volume":"18","author":"von Mutius","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.3.192","article-title":"Factors influencing the relation of infant feeding to asthma and recurrent wheeze in childhood","volume":"56","author":"Wright","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.11.896a","article-title":"Asthma and breast feeding","volume":"56","author":"Oberle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib32","first-page":"769","article-title":"[Does breast feeding prevent asthma and allergies? results of the Munich asthma and allergy study]","volume":"140","author":"Wjst","year":"1992","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008995945","article-title":"Daycare attendance, asthma and atopy","volume":"32","author":"Nystad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.7.653","article-title":"Family size, day-care attendance, and breastfeeding in relation to the incidence of childhood asthma","volume":"153","author":"Infante-Rivard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.1.28","article-title":"Family size, childhood infections and atopic diseases: the Aberdeen WHEASE Group","volume":"53","author":"Bodner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01650.x","article-title":"Farming and protective agents against allergy and asthma","volume":"33","author":"Braun-Fahrlander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63090-6","article-title":"Prevalence of asthma and wheezing in public schoolchildren: association with maternal smoking during pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Hu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62824-4","article-title":"Relationships of race and socioeconomic status with prevalence, severity, and symptoms of asthma in Chicago school children","volume":"81","author":"Persky","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01070.x","article-title":"Having lived on a farm and protection against allergic diseases in Austalia","volume":"31","author":"Downs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674904026302?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674904026302?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:55:07Z","timestamp":1758776107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674904026302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674904026302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decreased prevalence of asthma among farm-reared children compared with those who are rural but not farm-reared","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}