{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:29:38Z","timestamp":1780360178043,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]],"date-time":"2005-01-04T07:16:50Z","timestamp":1104823010000},"page":"142-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["The unified immune system: Respiratory tract\u2013nasobronchial interaction mechanisms in allergic airway disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Gert-Jan","family":"Braunstahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blackley CH. Experimental researches of the causes and nature of catarrhus aestivus (hay-fever and hay-asthma). London: Blackley, 1873; reprinted Abingdon: Oxford Historical Books; 1988.","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-187413300-00026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9","article-title":"Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC","volume":"351","author":"The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7253.88","article-title":"Intergenerational 20 year trends in the prevalence of asthma and hay fever in adults: the Midspan family study surveys of parents and offspring","volume":"321","author":"Upton","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118891","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma","volume":"108","author":"Bousquet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S201","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.110151","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity","volume":"106","author":"Leynaert","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00999.x","article-title":"The natural course of allergic rhinitis during 12 years of follow-up","volume":"52","author":"Danielsson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2500\/108854198778557836","article-title":"Co-existence of asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23-year follow-up study of college students","volume":"19","author":"Greisner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2002.23664.x","article-title":"The link between allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma: a prospective population-based study. The Copenhagen Allergy Study","volume":"57","author":"Linneberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00260.x","article-title":"Familial occurrence of atopic disease: genetic versus environmental factors","volume":"23","author":"Aberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510053331402","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to asthma\u2014bronchial hyperresponsiveness coinherited with a major gene for atopy","volume":"333","author":"Postma","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03996.x","article-title":"Hay fever\u2014a Finnish nationwide study of adolescent twins and their parents","volume":"53","author":"Rasanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.110150","article-title":"Evidence for common genetic elements in allergic disease","volume":"106","author":"Barnes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib13","series-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in clinical allergy","first-page":"132","author":"Blumenthal","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106546","article-title":"Children at risk for asthma: home allergen levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and wheeze","volume":"105","author":"Finn","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1999.tb04383.x","article-title":"The environmental influence on childhood asthma","volume":"54","author":"Bjorksten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(00)90051-4","article-title":"The relevance of allergen exposure to the development of asthma in childhood","volume":"105","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(00)90069-1","article-title":"Urbanization and childhood asthma: an African perspective","volume":"105","author":"Weinberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7213.815","article-title":"Association between breast feeding and asthma in 6 year old children: findings of a prospective birth cohort study","volume":"319","author":"Oddy","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.3.204","article-title":"Health effects of passive smoking. 6. Parental smoking and childhood asthma: longitudinal and case-control studies","volume":"53","author":"Strachan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05406-X","article-title":"Effect of environmental manipulation in pregnancy and early life on respiratory symptoms and atopy during first year of life: a randomised trial","volume":"358","author":"Custovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.10.2103137","article-title":"Does living on a farm during childhood protect against asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopy in adulthood?","volume":"164","author":"Leynaert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06252-3","article-title":"Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"358","author":"Riedler","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108604","article-title":"The role of viral infections in the natural history of asthma","volume":"106","author":"Gern","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)10100-3","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of hay fever and atopy among children in Leipzig, East Germany","volume":"351","author":"von Mutius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.056003231.x","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein and specific IgE in serum and nasal mucosa of patients with grass-pollen-allergic rhinitis and asthma","volume":"56","author":"Marcucci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.00236.x","article-title":"Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to glutaraldehyde: changes in nasal lavage fluid after specific inhalatory challenge test","volume":"56","author":"Palczynski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(96)80124-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of antigen uptake for presentation","volume":"8","author":"Lanzavecchia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230707","article-title":"Allergen exposure induces the activation of allergen-specific Th2 cells in the airway mucosa of patients with allergic respiratory disorders","volume":"23","author":"Del Prete","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00194.x","article-title":"Dynamics of mast cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis and non-allergic controls: a biopsy study","volume":"22","author":"Fokkens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.6.575","article-title":"Effect of natural allergen exposure during the grass pollen season on airways inflammatory cells and asthma symptoms","volume":"51","author":"Djukanovic","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00580.x","article-title":"Mast cell tryptase as a mediator of hyperresponsiveness in human isolated bronchi","volume":"29","author":"Berger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/33340","article-title":"Chemokines and leukocyte traffic","volume":"392","author":"Baggiolini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70069-2","article-title":"Molecular basis for selective eosinophil trafficking in asthma: a multistep paradigm","volume":"104","author":"Wardlaw","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200312-1645OC","article-title":"The effect of pranlukast on allergen-induced bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis in subjects with asthma","volume":"169","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231505","article-title":"Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma","volume":"323","author":"Bousquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.434","article-title":"Mucosal inflammation in asthma","volume":"142","author":"Djukanovic","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00312.x","article-title":"Airway inflammation in asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis. Relationship with nonspecific bronchial responsiveness and maximal airway narrowing","volume":"55","author":"Alvarez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70195-7","article-title":"Eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils in induced sputum from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma: relationship to methacholine responsiveness","volume":"100","author":"Foresi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01652.x","article-title":"Mucosal and systemic inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis and asthma: a comparison between upper and lower airways","volume":"33","author":"Braunstahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00804.x","article-title":"Eosinophils are a feature of upper and lower airway pathology in non-atopic asthma, irrespective of the presence of rhinitis","volume":"30","author":"Gaga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.28","article-title":"A comparison of the airway response to segmental antigen bronchoprovocation in atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis","volume":"111","author":"Becky Kelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.9701060","article-title":"Is bronchial hyperresponsiveness more frequent in women than in men? A population-based study","volume":"156","author":"Leynaert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-0477.2001.01253.x","article-title":"Increased nasal mucosal swelling in subjects with asthma","volume":"32","author":"Hellgren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.11.2006165","article-title":"Airway inflammation is present during clinical remission of atopic asthma","volume":"164","author":"van den Toorn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2500\/108854194778816634","article-title":"Long-term risk factors for developing asthma and allergic rhinitis: a 23-year follow-up study of college students","volume":"15","author":"Settipane","year":"1994","journal-title":"Allergy Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121701","article-title":"Rhinitis as an independent risk factor for adult-onset asthma","volume":"109","author":"Guerra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.010","article-title":"Association between asthma and rhinitis according to atopic sensitization in a population-based study","volume":"113","author":"Leynaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507133330207","article-title":"Occupational asthma","volume":"333","author":"Chan-Yeung","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00672.x","article-title":"Comparative degree and type of sensitization to common indoor and outdoor allergens in subjects with allergic rhinitis and\/or asthma","volume":"27","author":"Boulet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70370-2","article-title":"Perennial rhinitis: an independent risk factor for asthma in nonatopic subjects: results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey","volume":"104","author":"Leynaert","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197710062971402","article-title":"Enhancement of exercise-induced asthma by cold air","volume":"297","author":"Strauss","year":"1977","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2103086","article-title":"The nasal passage of subjects with asthma has a decreased ability to warm and humidify inspired air","volume":"164","author":"Assanasen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01969.x","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and concomitant asthma","volume":"34","author":"Bousquet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.11.034","article-title":"Rhinitis therapy and the prevention of hospital care for asthma: a case-control study","volume":"113","author":"Corren","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.051","article-title":"Systemic effects of local allergic disease","volume":"113","author":"Togias","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ueber Bronchiolitis exsudativa und ihr Verhaltniss zum Asthma nervosum","volume":"32","author":"Curschmann","year":"1883","journal-title":"Deutsch Arch Klin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91617-2","article-title":"Are asthma-like symptoms due to bronchial or extrathoracic airway dysfunction?","volume":"346","author":"Bucca","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70152-4","article-title":"Extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway responsiveness in sinusitis","volume":"95","author":"Bucca","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80126-5","article-title":"Absence of pulmonary aspiration of sinus contents in patients with asthma and sinusitis","volume":"86","author":"Bardin","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90329-Z","article-title":"Changes in bronchial responsiveness following nasal provocation with allergen","volume":"89","author":"Corren","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1999.tb04409.x","article-title":"Neurobiology of the upper and lower airways","volume":"54","author":"Undem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90574-0","article-title":"Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness","volume":"64","author":"Huxley","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00534.x","article-title":"Comparison of allergen-induced changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation between mildly allergic asthma patients and allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"55","author":"Alvarez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.110472","article-title":"Natural and induced allergic responses increase the ability of the nose to warm and humidify air","volume":"106","author":"Assanasen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.2.7842184","article-title":"The effects of intranasal steroids on nasal and pulmonary responses to cat exposure","volume":"151","author":"Wood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.4.1739","article-title":"Changes in airway resistance induced by nasal inhalation of cold dry, dry, or moist air in normal individuals","volume":"81","author":"Fontanari","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10102250","article-title":"Nasal eupnoeic inhalation of cold, dry air increases airway resistance in asthmatic patients","volume":"10","author":"Fontanari","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.3.1043","article-title":"Integrated response of the upper and lower respiratory tract of asthmatic subjects to frigid air","volume":"88","author":"McLane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08122088","article-title":"Facial cooling, but not nasal breathing of cold air, induces bronchoconstriction: a study in asthmatic and healthy subjects","volume":"8","author":"Koskela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90111-9","article-title":"Pulmonary response to nasal-challenge testing of atopic subjects with stable asthma","volume":"78","author":"Schumacher","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.3.580","article-title":"Changes in airway resistance following nasal provocation","volume":"141","author":"Littell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113046","article-title":"Nasal allergen provocation induces adhesion molecule expression and tissue eosinophilia in upper and lower airways","volume":"107","author":"Braunstahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib73","series-title":"Clinical aspects of immunology","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Allergy","author":"von Pirquet","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)90792-1","article-title":"Raised levels of a new immunoglobulin class (IgND) in asthma","volume":"2","author":"Johansson","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.97.6.840","article-title":"Physiochemical properties of human reaginic antibody. Correlation of reaginic activity with E globulin","volume":"97","author":"Ishizaka","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.21.4.3622","article-title":"Allergen-induced increase in airway responsiveness, airway eosinophilia, and bone-marrow eosinophil progenitors in mice","volume":"21","author":"Inman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2001.01253.x","article-title":"Allergen-induced murine upper airway inflammation: local and systemic changes in murine experimental allergic rhinitis","volume":"104","author":"Saito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1159\/000024004","article-title":"Hemopoietic mechanisms in allergic airway inflammation","volume":"117","author":"Denburg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70291-5","article-title":"Increased progenitor cell proliferation in the peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma: the role of nitric oxide","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9906121","article-title":"Segmental bronchial provocation induces nasal inflammation in allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"161","author":"Braunstahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.8.2010002","article-title":"Interleukin-5 induces CD34(+) eosinophil progenitor mobilization and eosinophil CCR3 expression in asthma","volume":"164","author":"Stirling","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4040","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.4040","article-title":"Eosinophilopoiesis in a murine model of allergic airway eosinophilia: involvement of bone marrow IL-5 and IL-5 receptor alpha","volume":"165","author":"Tomaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2686","article-title":"Circulating, but not local lung, IL-5 is required for the development of antigen-induced airways eosinophilia","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9811089","article-title":"Eotaxin and impaired lung function in asthma","volume":"160","author":"Nakamura","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2003.01632.x","article-title":"A single nasal allergen challenge increases induced sputum inflammatory markers in non-asthmatic subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis: correlation with plasma interleukin-5","volume":"33","author":"Beeh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03496-6","article-title":"Effects of an interleukin-5 blocking monoclonal antibody on eosinophils, airway hyper-responsiveness, and the late asthmatic response","volume":"356","author":"Leckie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90130-T","article-title":"The association of individual allergen reactivity with respiratory disease in a national sample: data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-80 (NHANES II)","volume":"90","author":"Gergen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00907.x","article-title":"The association of sensitization to inhalant allergens with allergy symptoms: the influence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and blood eosinophil count","volume":"30","author":"Kerkhof","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1159\/000068407","article-title":"Bronchial hyperreactivity and allergic status in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"70","author":"Ceyhan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16f12.x","article-title":"Increased frequency of asymptomatic bronchial hyperresponsiveness in nonasthmatic patients with food allergy","volume":"16","author":"Thaminy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10224","article-title":"An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Mishra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200106000-00018","article-title":"Synchronous first manifestation of an idiopathic eosinophilic gastroenteritis and bronchial asthma","volume":"13","author":"von Wattenwyl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.1897","article-title":"Immunoreactivity for interleukin 3 and 5 and granulocyte\/macrophage colony-stimulating factor of intestinal mucosa in bronchial asthma","volume":"182","author":"Wallaert","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2464","article-title":"IL-5 promotes eosinophil trafficking to the esophagus","volume":"168","author":"Mishra","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2842","article-title":"Expression of chemokine receptors by lung T cells from normal and asthmatic subjects","volume":"166","author":"Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-8749(85)90095-4","article-title":"Induction of IgE-secreting cells and IgE isotype-specific suppressor T cells in the respiratory lymph nodes of rats in response to antigen inhalation","volume":"94","author":"Sedgwick","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674904030313?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674904030313?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:54:23Z","timestamp":1758776063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674904030313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674904030313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The unified immune system: Respiratory tract\u2013nasobronchial interaction mechanisms in allergic airway disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.10.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}