{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:10:49Z","timestamp":1792131049596,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,8]],"date-time":"2006-02-08T13:25:05Z","timestamp":1139405105000},"page":"455-462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Long-lasting reactivity and high frequency of drug-specific T cells after severe systemic drug hypersensitivity reactions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basil O.","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner J.","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00012","article-title":"Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions","volume":"139","author":"Pichler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12118","article-title":"T-cell involvement in drug-induced acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis","volume":"107","author":"Britschgi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00419.x","article-title":"T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in sulfamethoxazol-induced skin reaction","volume":"28","author":"Schnyder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00130832-200308000-00003","article-title":"Drug-induced autoimmunity","volume":"3","author":"Pichler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2004.09.016","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of T cell mediated drug hypersensitivity","volume":"16","author":"Gerber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01164.x","article-title":"T cell involvement in cutaneous drug eruptions","volume":"31","author":"Hari","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03985.x","article-title":"Drug-induced papulovesicular exanthema","volume":"53","author":"Schnyder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.000115.x","article-title":"In vitro T-cell responses to beta-lactam drugs in immediate and nonimmediate allergic reactions","volume":"56","author":"Luque","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00547.x","article-title":"The lymphocyte transformation test in the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity","volume":"59","author":"Pichler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.1.595","article-title":"Interaction of sulfonamide derivatives with the TCR of sulfamethoxazole-specific human ab+ T cell clones","volume":"162","author":"von Greyerz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90202-X","article-title":"Sulfonamide-reactive lymphocytes detected at very low frequency in the peripheral blood of patients with drug-induced eruptions","volume":"94","author":"Kalish","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830080706","article-title":"Quantification of antigen-reactive cells among human T lymphocytes","volume":"8","author":"van Oers","year":"1978","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90111-R","article-title":"Limiting dilution analysis of human, tetanus-reactive helper T lymphocytes: a rapid method for the enumeration of helper T lymphocytes with specificity for soluble antigens","volume":"142","author":"Adams","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.6.799","article-title":"Activated human epitope-specific T cells identified by class II tetramers reside within a CD4high, proliferating subset","volume":"13","author":"Novak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90308-3","article-title":"A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for enumeration of specific antibody-secreting cells","volume":"65","author":"Czerkinsky","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(94)90236-4","article-title":"Determination of lymphocyte division by flow cytometry","volume":"171","author":"Lyons","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(90)90322-M","article-title":"New fluorescent dyes for lymphocyte migration studies: analysis by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy","volume":"133","author":"Weston","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.450601.x","article-title":"Guidelines for performing skin tests with drugs in the investigation of cutaneous adverse drug reactions","volume":"45","author":"Barbaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01513.x","article-title":"Non-covalent presentation of sulfamethoxazole to human CD4+ T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen-bound peptides","volume":"32","author":"Burkhart","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(99)00136-2","article-title":"A flow cytometric method to estimate the precursor frequencies of cells proliferating in response to specific antigens","volume":"230","author":"Givan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00231-3","article-title":"Analysing cell division in vivo and in vitro using flow cytometric measurement of CFSE dye dilution","volume":"243","author":"Lyons","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.2.973","article-title":"Quantifying the frequency of alloreactive T cells in vivo: new answers to an old question","volume":"166","author":"Suchin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1139","article-title":"Characterization of lidocaine-specific T cells","volume":"158","author":"Zanni","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3350","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830231243","article-title":"Antigen-presenting human T cells and antigen-presenting B cells induce a similar cytokine profile in specific T cell clones","volume":"23","author":"Wyss-Coray","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib25","unstructured":"Gex-Collet C, Helbling A, Pichler W. Multiple drug hypersensitivity: prove of multiple drug hypersensitivity by patch and lymphocyte transformation tests. J Investig Allergy Clin Immunol. In press 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.1.462","article-title":"Activation of drug-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in individuals allergic to sulfonamides, phenytoin, and carbamazepine","volume":"155","author":"Mauri-Hellweg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119505","article-title":"Direct, MHC-dependent presentation of the drug sulfamethoxazole to human alphabeta T cell clones","volume":"100","author":"Schnyder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/13.7.877","article-title":"Degeneracy and additional alloreactivity of drug-specific human alpha beta(+) T cell clones","volume":"13","author":"von Greyerz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.11.030","article-title":"Drug interaction with T-cell receptors: T-cell receptor density determines degree of cross-reactivity","volume":"113","author":"Depta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6647","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6647","article-title":"Recognition of sulfamethoxazole and its reactive metabolites by drug-specific CD4+ T cells from allergic individuals","volume":"164","author":"Schnyder","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80572-5","article-title":"Detection of antigen-specific T cells with multivalent soluble class II MHC covalent peptide complexes","volume":"8","author":"Crawford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1507","article-title":"Characterization of drug-specific T cells in lamotrigine hypersensitivity","volume":"111","author":"Naisbitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.63.3.732","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions to carbamazepine: characterization of the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of drug-specific T cell clones","volume":"63","author":"Naisbitt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.047","article-title":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis: effector cells are drug-specific cytotoxic T cells","volume":"114","author":"Nassif","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00460.x","article-title":"Cytotoxic mechanisms in different forms of T-cell-mediated drug allergies","volume":"59","author":"Kuechler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00484.x","article-title":"Recognition of local anesthetics by alphabeta+ T cells","volume":"112","author":"Zanni","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674905023249?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674905023249?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T05:03:52Z","timestamp":1758776632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674905023249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674905023249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Long-lasting reactivity and high frequency of drug-specific T cells after severe systemic drug hypersensitivity reactions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.10.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}