{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T05:32:40Z","timestamp":1791178360549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T09:00:55Z","timestamp":1202288455000},"page":"725-730.e2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Intrinsically defective skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis correlates with disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jayanta","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Grube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Ericksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne W.","family":"Lucky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita P.","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal H.","family":"Assa'ad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurjit K.","family":"Khurana Hershey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555924447","article-title":"Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis","volume":"92","author":"Hanifin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.03.045","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology\/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology\/PRACTALL Consensus Report","volume":"118","author":"Akdis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2000.107773","article-title":"The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildren","volume":"43","author":"Laughter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21060","article-title":"New insights into atopic dermatitis","volume":"113","author":"Leung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.03.047","article-title":"Cytokines and chemokines orchestrate atopic skin inflammation","volume":"118","author":"Homey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/ng728","article-title":"Gene polymorphism in Netherton and common atopic disease","volume":"29","author":"Walley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22708.x","article-title":"Genetic association between an AACC insertion in the 3\u2032UTR of the stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme gene and atopic dermatitis","volume":"123","author":"Vasilopoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.001","article-title":"Filaggrin null mutations are associated with increased asthma severity in children and young adults","volume":"120","author":"Palmer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.07.026","article-title":"Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations predispose to phenotypes involved in the atopic march","volume":"118","author":"Marenholz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.004","article-title":"Loss-of-function variations within the filaggrin gene predispose for atopic dermatitis with allergic sensitizations","volume":"118","author":"Weidinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.646","article-title":"Unique mutations in the filaggrin gene in Japanese patients with ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis","volume":"119","author":"Nomura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01847.x","article-title":"Susceptibility to irritants: role of barrier function, skin dryness and history of atopic dermatitis","volume":"123","author":"Tupker","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555570400404","article-title":"In vivo hydration and water-retention capacity of stratum corneum in clinically uninvolved skin in atopic and psoriatic patients","volume":"70","author":"Berardesca","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571296300","article-title":"Susceptibility of atopic dermatitis patients to irritant dermatitis caused by sodium lauryl sulphate","volume":"71","author":"Agner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555575429433","article-title":"Objective assessment of the skin of children affected by atopic dermatitis: a study of pH, capacitance and TEWL in eczematous and clinically uninvolved skin","volume":"75","author":"Seidenari","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1159\/000246402","article-title":"No alteration of biophysical parameters in the skin of subjects with respiratory atopy","volume":"192","author":"Conti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1999.tb06056.x","article-title":"Skin susceptibility of atopic individuals","volume":"40","author":"Loffler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07319.x","article-title":"Percutaneous penetration of sodium lauryl sulphate is increased in uninvolved skin of patients with atopic dermatitis compared with control subjects","volume":"155","author":"Jakasa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555566281284","article-title":"The water content of the stratum corneum in patients with atopic dermatitis. Measurement with the Corneometer CM 420","volume":"66","author":"Werner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05738.x","article-title":"Acute irritant reactivity to sodium lauryl sulfate in atopics and non-atopics","volume":"38","author":"Basketter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/000155500750042943","article-title":"Skin surface pH, stratum corneum hydration, trans-epidermal water loss and skin roughness related to atopic eczema and skin dryness in a population of primary school children","volume":"80","author":"Eberlein-Konig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2004.00065.x","article-title":"Clinically normal atopic skin vs. non-atopic skin as seen through electrical impedance","volume":"10","author":"Nicander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1983.tb01108.x","article-title":"A statistical analysis of a pediatric dermatology clinic","volume":"1","author":"Schachner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2003.18.1.93","article-title":"Comparison of transepidermal water loss, capacitance and pH values in the skin between intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis patients","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000245677","article-title":"Clinical validation and guidelines for the SCORAD index: consensus report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"195","author":"Kunz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.225","article-title":"Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. November 1986","volume":"136","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90009-2","article-title":"The occurrence of atopic dermatitis in north Europe: an international questionnaire study","volume":"34","author":"Schultz Larsen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb01553.x","article-title":"Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement. A report from the Standardization Group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis","volume":"22","author":"Pinnagoda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23651.x","article-title":"Interleukin-4 suppresses the enhancement of ceramide synthesis and cutaneous permeability barrier functions induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in human epidermis","volume":"124","author":"Hatano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.031","article-title":"Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression","volume":"120","author":"Howell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib31","first-page":"119","article-title":"Epidermal pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses","volume":"10","author":"Elias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Contact Dermat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01357.x","article-title":"Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus induces Th2-prone dermatitis in mice sensitized percutaneously with an allergen","volume":"32","author":"Matsui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199803)28:03<769::AID-IMMU769>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Percutaneous sensitization with allergens through barrier-disrupted skin elicits a Th2-dominant cytokine response","volume":"28","author":"Kondo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2006.47.3.293","article-title":"An update of the defensive barrier function of skin","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.124617","article-title":"Ceramide-dominant barrier repair lipids alleviate childhood atopic dermatitis: changes in barrier function provide a sensitive indicator of disease activity","volume":"47","author":"Chamlin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.06.038","article-title":"Support for 2 variants of eczema","volume":"116","author":"Kusel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304120-00004","article-title":"Racial (ethnic) differences in skin properties: the objective data","volume":"4","author":"Wesley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00058-2","article-title":"Effect of saline iontophoresis on skin barrier function and cutaneous irritation in four ethnic groups","volume":"38","author":"Singh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000247752","article-title":"In vivo biophysical characterization of skin physiological differences in races","volume":"182","author":"Berardesca","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1959.11","article-title":"Studies on the chemical composition of human epidermal lipids","volume":"32","author":"Reinertson","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674907036111?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674907036111?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:08:45Z","timestamp":1758787725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674907036111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674907036111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1104299.560306","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Intrinsically defective skin barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis correlates with disease severity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1161","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}