{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:06:19Z","timestamp":1791317179059,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,4]],"date-time":"2009-01-04T04:07:12Z","timestamp":1231042032000},"page":"391-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Oral contraception, body mass index, and asthma: A cross-sectional Nordic-Baltic population survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Ferenc","family":"Macsali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco G\u00f3mez","family":"Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst Reidar","family":"Omenaas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line","family":"Bjorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Janson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie","family":"Svanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.56.8.613","article-title":"Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population","volume":"56","author":"Lange","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.14510289","article-title":"Do hormonal contraceptives influence asthma severity?","volume":"14","author":"Forbes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.02.004","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones and asthma and wheeze in young women","volume":"117","author":"Salam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551368","article-title":"Menopause, Postmenopausal Estrogen Preparations, and the Risk of Adult-Onset Asthma\u2014a Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"152","author":"Troisi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2006.02475.x","article-title":"Parity and decreased use of oral contraceptives as predictors of asthma in young women","volume":"36","author":"Jenkins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.12.1119","article-title":"Gender differences in airway behaviour over the human life span","volume":"54","author":"Becklake","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-674OC","article-title":"Asthma severity is associated with body mass index and early menarche in women","volume":"171","author":"Varraso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.04.041","article-title":"Menstrual irregularity and asthma and lung function","volume":"120","author":"Real","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.08.057","article-title":"Lung function, respiratory symptoms, and the menopausal transition","volume":"121","author":"Real","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200403010-00001","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy and obstructive airway diseases","volume":"3","author":"Barr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.040881","article-title":"Hormone replacement therapy, body mass index and asthma in perimenopausal women: a cross sectional survey","volume":"61","author":"Gomez Real","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00042603","article-title":"Obesity and nocturnal gastro-oesophageal reflux are related to onset of asthma and respiratory symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Gunnbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.54.5.396","article-title":"Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults","volume":"54","author":"Shaheen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2582","article-title":"Prospective study of body mass index, weight change, and risk of adult-onset asthma in women","volume":"159","author":"Camargo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.6.2006140","article-title":"Increased incidence of asthmalike symptoms in girls who become overweight or obese during the school years","volume":"163","author":"Castro-Rodriguez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)08233-0","article-title":"Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer","volume":"350","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(90)91021-H","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, insulin resistance and ischemic vascular disease","volume":"31","author":"Eschwege","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00120104","article-title":"Operational definitions of asthma in studies on its aetiology","volume":"26","author":"Pekkanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"derSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029500400302","article-title":"Generalized additive models for medical research","volume":"4","author":"Hastie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62820-7","article-title":"Exacerbation of premenstrual asthma caused by an oral contraceptive","volume":"81","author":"Derimanov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.3.609","article-title":"Validation of questionnaire and bronchial hyperresponsiveness against respiratory physician assessment in the diagnosis of asthma","volume":"25","author":"Jenkins","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01530.x","article-title":"The association of asthma, atopy and lung function with hormone replacement therapy and surgical cessation of menstruation in a population-based sample of English women","volume":"63","author":"Jarvis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.10.054","article-title":"Obesity and androgens: facts and perspectives","volume":"85","author":"Pasquali","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.7.672","article-title":"Recall of early menstrual history and menarcheal body size: after 30 years, how well do women remember?","volume":"155","author":"Must","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809025694","article-title":"Menopausal status: subjectively and objectively defined","volume":"19","author":"Garamszegi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib27","unstructured":"Drug consumption in Norway. Norwegian Institute of Public Health. 2007. Available at: http:\/\/www.legemiddelforbruk.no\/. Accessed December 15, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib28","series-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications","author":"WHO","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.279","article-title":"The validity of self-reported weight change among adolescents and young adults","volume":"15","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.032615","article-title":"Association of asthma and hay fever with irregular menstruation","volume":"60","author":"Svanes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1537-1891(02)00304-X","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory effects of oestrogens during use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement treatment","volume":"39","author":"Kluft","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.20.4.3241","article-title":"Estrogen acutely stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase in H441 human airway epithelial cells","volume":"20","author":"Kirsch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000900005","article-title":"Nitric oxide paradox in asthma","volume":"100","author":"Keller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(00)00615-X","article-title":"Asthma in pregnancy","volume":"109","author":"Tan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.4.9105066","article-title":"Modulation of airway reactivity and peak flow variability in asthmatics receiving the oral contraceptive pill","volume":"155","author":"Tan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92837-1","article-title":"Severe premenstrual exacerbations of asthma: effect of intramuscular progesterone","volume":"2","author":"Beynon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib37","unstructured":"Leynaert B, Leone N, Driss F, Gislason T, Real FG, Janson C, et al. Asthma and menstrual cycle levels of estradiol and progesterone. European Respiratory Society annual meeting; Stockholm, Sweden; 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-0971(81)90010-3","article-title":"Asthma variation with menstruation","volume":"75","author":"Hanley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Dis Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9910105","article-title":"Relation between phase of menstrual cycle and emergency department visits for acute asthma","volume":"162","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib40","first-page":"3327","article-title":"Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"80","author":"Korytkowski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01138.x","article-title":"Lung function, insulin resistance and incidence of cardiovascular disease: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"253","author":"Engstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.190","article-title":"Impaired lung function is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome in adults","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2003.10.013","article-title":"Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Dandona","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020173","article-title":"CD14 monocyte receptor, involved in the inflammatory cascade, and insulin sensitivity","volume":"88","author":"Fernandez-Real","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674908019179?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674908019179?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T08:15:29Z","timestamp":1758788129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674908019179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674908019179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Oral contraception, body mass index, and asthma: A cross-sectional Nordic-Baltic population survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.10.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}