{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:39:03Z","timestamp":1788932343553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T22:35:16Z","timestamp":1584052516000},"page":"831-839.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Ventilation defects on hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI in asthma are predictive of 2-year exacerbation frequency"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"David G.","family":"Mummy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Carey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loren C.","family":"Denlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark L.","family":"Schiebler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Sorkness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nizar N.","family":"Jarjour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean B.","family":"Fain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.039","article-title":"Effect of asthma exacerbations on health care costs among asthmatic patients with moderate and severe persistent asthma","volume":"129","author":"Ivanova","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.05-3084","article-title":"Assessing future need for acute care in adult asthmatics: the Profile of Asthma Risk Study: a prospective health maintenance organization-based study","volume":"132","author":"Osborne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib3","first-page":"195","article-title":"Inflammatory and comorbid features of patients with severe asthma and frequent exacerbations","author":"Denlinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.12.1129","article-title":"Sputum eosinophil counts predict asthma control after discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"115","author":"Deykin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2007.10.019","article-title":"Evaluation of structure-function relationships in asthma using multidetector CT and hyperpolarized He-3 MRI","volume":"15","author":"Fain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140080","article-title":"Regional ventilation changes in severe asthma after bronchial thermoplasty with 3He MR imaging and CT","volume":"274","author":"Thomen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.09.014","article-title":"Regional heterogeneity of lobar ventilation in asthma using hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI","volume":"25","author":"Zha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015150037","article-title":"COPD: do imaging measurements of emphysema and airway disease explain symptoms and exercise capacity?","volume":"277","author":"Kirby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.016","article-title":"Ventilation defect percent in helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker of severe outcomes in asthma","volume":"141","author":"Mummy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201709-1948OC","article-title":"Sputum eosinophilia and magnetic resonance imaging ventilation heterogeneity in severe asthma","volume":"197","author":"Svenningsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.02.403","article-title":"CT and Functional MRI to Evaluate Airway Mucus in Severe Asthma","volume":"155","author":"Svenningsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201107-1317PP","article-title":"Severe asthma: lessons learned from the national heart, lung, and blood institute severe asthma research program","volume":"185","author":"Jarjour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.05.032","article-title":"Baseline features of the severe asthma research program (SARP III) cohort: differences with age","volume":"6","author":"Teague","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.019","article-title":"National Institutes of Health\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program. Features of severe asthma in school-age children: atopy and increased exhaled nitric oxide","volume":"118","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.11.639","article-title":"Characterization of the severe asthma phenotype by the national heart, lung, and blood institute\u2019s severe asthma research program","volume":"119","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.015","article-title":"Heterogeneity of severe asthma in childhood: confirmation by cluster analysis of children in the National Institutes of Health\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"127","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00080312","article-title":"Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations","author":"Quanjer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respiratory Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1198\/106186008X319331","article-title":"Model-based recursive partitioning","volume":"17","author":"Zeileis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib20","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.005","article-title":"Recent asthma exacerbations: a key predictor of future exacerbations","volume":"101","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.2.9912091","article-title":"Predictive markers of asthma exacerbation during stepwise dose reduction of inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"163","author":"Leuppi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2005.05.017","article-title":"Characterisation of patients with frequent exacerbation of asthma","volume":"100","author":"Koga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95693","article-title":"Mucus plugs in patients with asthma linked to eosinophilia and airflow obstruction","volume":"128","author":"Dunican","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.042","article-title":"Use of the Asthma Control Questionnaire to predict future risk of asthma exacerbation","volume":"127","author":"Meltzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00367-7","article-title":"Blood eosinophil count and prospective annual asthma disease burden: a UK cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Price","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12179","article-title":"Frequent exacerbators-a distinct phenotype of severe asthma","volume":"44","author":"Kupczyk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.69.629","article-title":"Spin-exchange optical pumping of noble-gas nuclei","volume":"69","author":"Walker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920303389?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920303389?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:28:37Z","timestamp":1758792517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674920303389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674920303389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ventilation defects on hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI in asthma are predictive of 2-year exacerbation frequency","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}