{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:46:44Z","timestamp":1792525604606,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,27]],"date-time":"2020-04-27T04:55:50Z","timestamp":1587963350000},"page":"1-7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":285,"title":["Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Lindsley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin T.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E.","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805283382206","article-title":"Eosinophilia","volume":"338","author":"Rothenberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.05.011","article-title":"Pediatric hypereosinophilia: characteristics, clinical manifestations, and diagnoses","volume":"7","author":"Burris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01944","article-title":"An approach to the evaluation of persistent hypereosinophilia in pediatric patients","volume":"9","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.95","article-title":"Functions of tissue-resident eosinophils","volume":"17","author":"Weller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.08.031","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 treatments in patients with severe asthma by blood eosinophil thresholds: indirect treatment comparison","volume":"143","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.11.029","article-title":"Changing paradigms in the treatment of severe asthma: the role of biologic therapies","volume":"5","author":"Katial","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2019.12.001","article-title":"Biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"124","author":"Laidlaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108166","article-title":"Behavior of eosinophil leukocytes in acute inflammation, II: eosinophil dynamics during acute inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Bass","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03583-2","article-title":"White blood cell count and eosinopenia as valuable tools for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in the ED","volume":"38","author":"Lavoignet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Dong X, Cao YY, Yuan YD, Yang YB, Yan YQ, et\u00a0al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print February 19, 2020]. Allergy. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.14238.","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030525","article-title":"Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants","volume":"3","author":"Deming","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.10.031","article-title":"Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein induces long-term protective immunity in an animal model","volume":"25","author":"Du","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6337","article-title":"Prior immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein causes severe pneumonia in mice infected with SARS-CoV","volume":"181","author":"Yasui","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12201","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06048-11","article-title":"A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge","volume":"85","author":"Bolles","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/2965cfae-b77d-4014-8b7b-236e01a35492","article-title":"Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus","volume":"7","author":"Tseng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8597","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00983-14","article-title":"Effects of Toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of BALB\/c mice immunized with UV-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine","volume":"88","author":"Iwata-Yoshikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2995","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02980-14","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus vaccines formulated with delta inulin adjuvants provide enhanced protection while ameliorating lung eosinophilic immunopathology","volume":"89","author":"Honda-Okubo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib18","first-page":"1","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Trop Med Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2018.0150","article-title":"Eosinophils and respiratory viruses","volume":"32","author":"Flores-Torres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000236001","article-title":"TLR3 in human eosinophils: functional effects and decreased expression during allergic rhinitis","volume":"151","author":"Mansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.3977","article-title":"Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in eosinophils: activation by Toll-like receptor 7 ligand","volume":"171","author":"Nagase","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0457OC","article-title":"Intracellular signaling mechanisms regulating toll-like receptor-mediated activation of eosinophils","volume":"37","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0405OC","article-title":"Human and mouse eosinophils have antiviral activity against parainfluenza virus","volume":"55","author":"Drake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3358","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.14.3358","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein\/RNase 3 is another RNase A-family ribonuclease with direct antiviral activity","volume":"26","author":"Domachowske","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1086\/515322","article-title":"Recombinant\u00a0human\u00a0eosinophil-derived neurotoxin\/RNase 2 functions as an effective antiviral agent against respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"177","author":"Domachowske","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-01-071340","article-title":"Eosinophils contribute to innate antiviral immunity and promote clearance of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"110","author":"Phipps","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01536-14","article-title":"Dual proinflammatory and antiviral properties of pulmonary eosinophils in respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease","volume":"89","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2019.9.e32","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus increases eosinophil extracellular traps in a murine model of asthma","volume":"9","author":"Silveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3AB1117-455R","article-title":"Oxidative damage of SP-D abolishes control of eosinophil extracellular DNA trap formation","volume":"104","author":"Yousefi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00570","article-title":"Eosinophil cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors: emerging roles in immunity","volume":"5","author":"Davoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600787","article-title":"Eosinophils promote antiviral immunity in mice infected with influenza A\u00a0virus","volume":"198","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830220736","article-title":"Eosinophil as antigen-presenting cell: activation of T cell clones and T cell hybridoma by eosinophils after antigen processing","volume":"22","author":"Del Pozo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.3.1279","article-title":"Eosinophils bind rhinovirus and activate virus-specific T cells","volume":"160","author":"Handzel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201803-0461OC","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 in mild asthma alters rhinovirus-induced macrophage, B-cell, and neutrophil responses (MATERIAL): a placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"199","author":"Sabogal Pineros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12935","article-title":"High fractional exhaled nitric oxide and sputum eosinophils are associated with an increased risk of future virus-induced exacerbations: a prospective cohort study","volume":"47","author":"Bjerregaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.07.025","article-title":"Viral infections in allergy and immunology: how allergic inflammation influences viral infections and illness","volume":"140","author":"Edwards","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.04.024","article-title":"Risks for infection in patients with asthma (or other atopic conditions): is asthma more than a chronic airway disease?","volume":"134","author":"Juhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31324-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"388","author":"Bleecker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30406-5","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial","volume":"7","author":"Busse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31322-8","article-title":"Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, as add-on treatment for patients with severe, uncontrolled, eosinophilic asthma (CALIMA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"388","author":"FitzGerald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-00926-3","article-title":"Safety of eosinophil-depleting therapy for severe, eosinophilic asthma: focus on benralizumab","volume":"43","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2016.07.010","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: a multi-center, open-label, phase IIIb study","volume":"38","author":"Lugogo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.02.002","volume":"24","author":"Winthrop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.70.5.691","article-title":"Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens","volume":"70","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21819","article-title":"Newly identified respiratory viruses in children with asthma exacerbation not requiring admission to hospital","volume":"82","author":"Arden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.09.025","article-title":"The September epidemic of asthma exacerbations in children: a search for etiology","volume":"115","author":"Johnston","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.3.8810601","article-title":"The relationship between upper respiratory infections and hospital admissions\u00a0for asthma: a time-trend analysis","volume":"154","author":"Johnston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.041","article-title":"Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma","volume":"119","author":"Khetsuriani","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13196","article-title":"MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia","volume":"23","author":"Yin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li X, Xu S, Yu M, Wang K, Tao Y, Zhou Y, et\u00a0al. Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan [published online ahead of print April 12, 2020]. J Allergy Clin Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu Y, Du X, Chen J, Jin Y, Peng L, Wang HHX, et\u00a0al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 [published online ahead of print April 10, 2020]. J Infect. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo P, Xing Y, Xiao Y, Deng L, Zhao Q, Wang H, et\u00a0al. Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print March 16, 2020]. Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa270.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa270"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao Y, et\u00a0al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China [published online ahead of print March 12, 2020]. Clin Infect Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202003-0543OC","article-title":"Clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan: a retrospective observational study","volume":"201","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","volume":"382","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.013","article-title":"Patients of COVID-19 may benefit from sustained lopinavir-combined regimen and the increase of eosinophil may predict the outcome of COVID-19 progression","volume":"95","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassani M, Leijte G, Bruse N, Kox M, Pickkers P, Vrisekoop N, et\u00a0al. Differentiation and activation of eosinophils in the human bone marrow during experimental human endotoxemia [published online ahead of print January 10, 2020]. J Leukoc Biol. doi: 10.1002\/JLB.1AB1219-493R.","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1AB1219-493R"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2007.06.003","article-title":"Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndromes with prednisone, hydroxyurea, and interferon","volume":"27","author":"Butterfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2020.02.010","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton LM, Duval EJ, Stroberg E, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. COVID-19 autopsies, Oklahoma, USA [published online ahead of print April 10, 2020]. Am J Clin Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30076-X","article-title":"Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0171-3","article-title":"Sex-associated TSLP-induced immune alterations following early-life RSV infection leads to enhanced allergic disease","volume":"12","author":"Malinczak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.12.126","article-title":"Roadmap to developing a recombinant coronavirus S protein receptor-binding domain vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.02.006","article-title":"Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities","volume":"7","author":"Qiu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9804","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403492101","article-title":"Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity","volume":"101","author":"Buchholz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401939101","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice","volume":"101","author":"Bisht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00097.x","article-title":"Neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus spike is highly effective for the protection of mice in the murine SARS model","volume":"53","author":"Ishii","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12672","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.22.12672-12676.2004","article-title":"Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets","volume":"78","author":"Weingartl","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib70","unstructured":"Haagmans BL, Boudet F, Kuiken T, deLang A, Martina BE Protective immunity induced by the inactivated SARS coronavirus vaccine. Presented at: Xth International Nidovirus Symposium Colorado Springs, CO, June 25-30, 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4234","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06791-11","article-title":"Primary\u00a0severe\u00a0acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection limits replication\u00a0but not lung inflammation upon homologous rechallenge","volume":"86","author":"Clay","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120954","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of altered clinical reactivity to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection in children previously vaccinated with an inactivated RS virus vaccine","volume":"89","author":"Kapikian","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-007-0071-6","article-title":"Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine-enhanced disease","volume":"39","author":"Castilow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120955","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine","volume":"89","author":"Kim","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-017-0074-6","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine approaches: a current overview","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2009.0090","article-title":"A 219-mer CHO-expressing receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV S protein induces potent immune responses and protective immunity","volume":"23","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viral Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [February 24, 2020]. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.2648.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920305698?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920305698?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:25:47Z","timestamp":1758792347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674920305698"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674920305698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.737841097.793574279","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}