{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:48:24Z","timestamp":1788306504797,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","award":["115010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"European Union\u2019s Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FP7\/2007-2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007-2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"unrestricted GlaxoSmithKline"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T02:17:32Z","timestamp":1591755452000},"page":"1045-1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["eNose breath prints as a surrogate biomarker for classifying patients with asthma by atopy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Mahmoud I.","family":"Abdel-Aziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Brinkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne J.H.","family":"Vijverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Neerincx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rianne","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yennece W.F.","family":"Dagelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Montuschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratko","family":"Djukanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise J.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare S.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Hedlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven-Erik","family":"Dahl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian M.","family":"Adcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Knipping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Sterk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aletta D.","family":"Kraneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke H.","family":"Maitland-van der Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(47)90204-0","article-title":"A working classification of asthma","volume":"3","author":"Rackemann","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0896OC","article-title":"Identification of asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis in the Severe Asthma Research Program","volume":"181","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.006","article-title":"Phenotypes determined by cluster analysis in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma","volume":"133","author":"Schatz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12035","article-title":"Asthma phenotypes identified by latent class analysis in the ISAAC phase II Spain study","volume":"43","author":"Weinmayr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200711-1754OC","article-title":"Cluster analysis and clinical asthma phenotypes","volume":"178","author":"Haldar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.048","article-title":"U-BIOPRED clinical adult asthma clusters linked to a subset of sputum omics","volume":"139","author":"Lefaudeux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib7","first-page":"376","article-title":"Does this patient have atopic asthma?","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-3-3","article-title":"The skin prick test - European standards","volume":"3","author":"Heinzerling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.07.005","article-title":"The incidence and features of systemic reactions to skin prick tests","volume":"115","author":"Sellaturay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2008.00761.x","article-title":"Adverse reactions to skin prick testing in children - prevalence and possible risk factors","volume":"20","author":"Norrman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.031","article-title":"Adult eczema prevalence and associations with asthma and other health and demographic factors: a US population-based study","volume":"132","author":"Silverberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01817-2017","article-title":"Clinical and inflammatory phenotyping by breathomics in chronic airway diseases irrespective of the diagnostic label","volume":"51","author":"de Vries","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.10.058","article-title":"Identification and prospective stability of electronic nose (eNose)-derived inflammatory phenotypes in patients with severe asthma","volume":"143","author":"Brinkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz279","article-title":"Prediction of response to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer by electronic nose analysis of exhaled breath","volume":"30","author":"de Vries","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo5010140","article-title":"Advances in electronic-nose technologies for the detection of volatile biomarker metabolites in the human breath","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.08.001","article-title":"Exhaled molecular fingerprinting in diagnosis and monitoring: validating volatile promises","volume":"21","author":"Boots","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib17","first-page":"431","article-title":"Unbiased clustering of children with asthma or pre-school wheeze using the U-BIOPRED electronic nose platform","volume":"44","author":"Brinkman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h5527","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h5527","article-title":"STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"351","author":"Bossuyt","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00779-2015","article-title":"Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort","volume":"46","author":"Shaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00780-2015","article-title":"The burden of severe asthma in childhood and adolescence: results from the paediatric U-BIOPRED cohorts","volume":"46","author":"Fleming","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-13-94","article-title":"Inflammatory phenotypes underlying uncontrolled childhood asthma despite inhaled corticosteroid treatment: rationale and design of the PACMAN2 study","volume":"13","author":"Vijverberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/9\/4\/046001","article-title":"Integration of electronic nose technology with spirometry: validation of a new approach for exhaled breath analysis","volume":"9","author":"de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7163\/aae557","article-title":"Methodological considerations for large-scale breath analysis studies: lessons from the U-BIOPRED severe asthma project","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200406-710ST","article-title":"ATS\/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005","volume":"171","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo8010004","article-title":"Machine learning methods for analysis of metabolic data and metabolic pathway modeling","volume":"8","author":"Cuperlovic-Culf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib26","first-page":"100","article-title":"Optimal algorithm for metabolomics classification and feature selection varies by dataset","volume":"7","author":"Determan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3694","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05820","article-title":"Comprehensive and empirical evaluation of machine learning algorithms for small molecule LC retention time prediction","volume":"91","author":"Bouwmeester","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-253","article-title":"Sparse PLS discriminant analysis: biologically relevant feature selection and graphical displays for multiclass problems","volume":"12","author":"Le Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000000735","article-title":"The adaptive lasso and its oracle properties","volume":"101","author":"Zou","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013203451","article-title":"Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-006-0037-z","article-title":"Statistical strategies for avoiding false discoveries in metabolomics and related experiments","volume":"2","author":"Broadhurst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000515)19:9<1141::AID-SIM479>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Bootstrap confidence intervals: when, which, what? A\u00a0practical guide for medical statisticians","volume":"19","author":"Carpenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.01134.x","article-title":"A permutation test to compare receiver operating characteristic curves","volume":"56","author":"Venkatraman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12788","article-title":"Data-driven confounder selection via Markov and bayesian networks","volume":"74","author":"Haggstrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-48","article-title":"Role of exhaled nitric oxide as a predictor of atopy","volume":"14","author":"Romero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120-11ST","article-title":"An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications","volume":"184","author":"Dweik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.23785","article-title":"Breathomics from exhaled volatile organic compounds in pediatric asthma","volume":"52","author":"Neerincx","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00026-2018","article-title":"Limited clinical value of exhaled volatile organic compound measurements in childhood asthma","volume":"4","author":"Fuglsbjerg","year":"2018","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201811-2210OC","article-title":"Exhaled volatile organic compounds are able to discriminate between neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma","volume":"200","author":"Schleich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01068-2019","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of exhaled biomarkers in health and asthma","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.08.046","article-title":"Latent class analysis reveals clinically relevant atopy phenotypes in 2 birth cohorts","volume":"139","author":"Hose","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000534","article-title":"Breathomics and treatable traits for chronic airway diseases","volume":"25","author":"Brinkman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S121276","article-title":"Environmental triggers and avoidance in the management of asthma","volume":"10","author":"Gautier","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200605030-00001","article-title":"The role of antihistamines in asthma management","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001186.pub2","article-title":"Injection allergen immunotherapy for asthma","author":"Abramson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038_bib49","series-title":"Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children","author":"Normansell","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920308083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674920308083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:25:11Z","timestamp":1758792311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674920308083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674920308083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"eNose breath prints as a surrogate biomarker for classifying patients with asthma by atopy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}