{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:41:36Z","timestamp":1790793696016,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T02:06:11Z","timestamp":1687226771000},"page":"899-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction\/inducible laryngeal obstruction: An International Delphi Consensus Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"152","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7409-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Vertigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Phyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hege Havstad","family":"Clemm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Volls\u00e6ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola Drange","family":"R\u00f8ksund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip G.","family":"Bardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198306303082605","article-title":"Vocal-cord dysfunction presenting as asthma","volume":"308","author":"Christopher","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cpm.0000203745.50250.3b","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"13","author":"Morris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.00006513","article-title":"ERS\/ELS\/ACCP 2013 international consensus conference nomenclature on inducible laryngeal obstructions","volume":"24","author":"Christensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02221-2016","article-title":"Inducible laryngeal obstruction: an official joint European Respiratory Society and European Laryngological Society statement","volume":"50","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104704","article-title":"Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on \u2018acute respiratory illness in the athlete\u2019","volume":"56","author":"Clemm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01466-2019","article-title":"Inspiratory vocal cord closure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"55","author":"Leong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.025","article-title":"Vocal cord dysfunction\/inducible laryngeal obstruction(s) mimicking anaphylaxis during SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccination","volume":"10","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00195","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00195-2021","article-title":"Characteristics and impact of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction: an international perspective","volume":"7","author":"Walsted","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib9","first-page":"341","article-title":"Spectrum of presentation of paradoxical vocal cord motion in ambulatory patients","volume":"74","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23176","article-title":"Paradoxical vocal cord motion: classification and treatment","volume":"122","author":"Forrest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.08.020","article-title":"Drug-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion","volume":"6","author":"Garcia-Neuer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib12","series-title":"2 volumes","first-page":"756","article-title":"The practice of medicine; or, a treatise on special pathology and therapeutics","author":"Dunglison","year":"1842"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100085169","article-title":"Paradoxical movement of the vocal cords as a cause of stridor","volume":"92","author":"Rogers","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198201000-00012","article-title":"Paradoxical vocal cord motion: an important cause of stridor","volume":"92","author":"Kellman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000452","article-title":"Clinical presentation, assessment, and management of inducible laryngeal obstruction","volume":"26","author":"Haines","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551399","article-title":"Clinical features of vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"152","author":"Newman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13520","article-title":"Multidisciplinary team clinic for vocal cord dysfunction directs therapy and significantly reduces healthcare utilization","volume":"24","author":"Baxter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14036","article-title":"Treatment effectiveness for vocal cord dysfunction in adults and adolescents: a systematic review","volume":"52","author":"Mahoney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.12.906","article-title":"Prevalence and impact of comorbid laryngeal dysfunction in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.14156","article-title":"Laryngoscopy diagnosis of inducible laryngeal obstruction during supervised challenge for suspected anaphylaxis","volume":"52","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2944","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for the classification of vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"138","author":"Morris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.10.039","article-title":"A multidisciplinary team clinic for vocal cord dysfunction reduces corticosteroid burst therapy","volume":"10","author":"Fukusho","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29754","article-title":"Economic burden associated with management of paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder","volume":"132","author":"Lunga","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29283","article-title":"Reduced asthma medication use after treatment of pediatric paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder","volume":"131","author":"Ivancic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.12968\/ijtr.2009.16.2.38892","article-title":"The Delphi technique: a review","volume":"16","author":"Vernon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Ther Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x","article-title":"The Delphi technique: myths and realities","volume":"41","author":"Powell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.t01-1-01567.x","article-title":"Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique","volume":"32","author":"Hasson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0279338","article-title":"Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction \/ inducible laryngeal obstruction\u2014a Delphi study protocol","volume":"17","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1108\/JHLSCM-06-2018-0044","article-title":"Applying the Delphi method to determine best practices for outsourcing logistics in disaster relief","volume":"9","author":"Gossler","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Humanit Logist Supply Chain Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202007-2721OC","article-title":"Expert consensus on the tapering of oral corticosteroids for the treatment\u00a0of asthma: a Delphi study","volume":"203","author":"Suehs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib31","article-title":"Defining a severe asthma super-responder: findings from a Delphi process [abstract]","volume":"56","author":"Upham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","article-title":"Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization","volume":"52","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.05.024","article-title":"Exercise induced dyspnea in the young: larynx as the bottleneck of the airways","volume":"103","author":"R\u00f8ksund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1030-8","article-title":"Audiovisual assessment of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction: reliability and validity of observations","volume":"266","author":"Maat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqq117","article-title":"Work-associated irritable larynx syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Hoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.27620","article-title":"Continuous laryngoscopy during provocation in the assessment of inducible laryngeal obstruction","volume":"129","author":"Hull","year":"2019","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.08.038","article-title":"Transient postviral vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"114","author":"Taramarcaz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202106-1384IM","article-title":"Post\u2013COVID-19 vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"206","author":"Garg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00501-4","article-title":"Middle airway obstruction: phenotyping vocal cord dysfunction\/inducible laryngeal obstruction(s) to progress diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Leong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61341-5","article-title":"Long-term outcome of vocal cord dysfunction","volume":"96","author":"Doshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.1264","article-title":"Current concepts in diagnosis and treatment of functional neurological disorders","volume":"75","author":"Espay","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12103","article-title":"Laryngeal sensory dysfunction in laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Vertigan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31815988b0","article-title":"Paradoxical vocal fold motion: a sensory-motor laryngeal disorder","volume":"118","author":"Cukier-Blaj","year":"2008","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.015","article-title":"Laryngeal dysfunction in cough hypersensitivity syndrome: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"6","author":"Vertigan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2018.01.004","article-title":"Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction and performance psychology: using the mind as a diagnostic and therapeutic target","volume":"38","author":"Olin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.617759","article-title":"Self-reported health in adolescents with exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction; a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Benestad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200408000-00005","article-title":"Respiratory retraining of refractory cough and laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with paradoxical vocal fold movement disorder","volume":"114","author":"Murry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599815600144","article-title":"Irritant-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder","volume":"153","author":"Marcinow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00581","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00581-2021","article-title":"Reliability of translaryngeal airway resistance measurements during maximal exercise","volume":"8","author":"Fretheim-Kelly","year":"2022","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.09.034","article-title":"Laryngeal dysfunction in severe asthma: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"9","author":"Vertigan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002581","article-title":"High prevalence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in a cohort of elite cross-country skiers","volume":"53","author":"Irewall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1612-0","article-title":"Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions: prevalence and symptoms in the general public","volume":"268","author":"Christensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-009-1113-6","article-title":"Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions objectively assessed using EILOMEA","volume":"267","author":"Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2018.2867636","article-title":"Quantification and analysis of laryngeal closure from endoscopic videos","volume":"66","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674923008035?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674923008035?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:43:22Z","timestamp":1758793402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674923008035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674923008035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction\/inducible laryngeal obstruction: An International Delphi Consensus Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}