{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:11:32Z","timestamp":1793293892615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AAAAI\/ACAAI Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:03:34Z","timestamp":1752624214000},"page":"1008-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Comparative efficacy and safety of biologics and systemic immunomodulatory treatments for chronic urticaria: Systematic review and network meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0201-2630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandro W.L.","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Oykhman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiajing","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukhdeep","family":"Bhangal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn P.","family":"Trayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winfred T.","family":"Frazier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer K.","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Waserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lehana","family":"Thabane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel N.","family":"Asiniwasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Runyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Moellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily F.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane R.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Ben-Shoshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Eftekhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Winders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maisie","family":"Flindall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Tattrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarbjit S.","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.02.036","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update","volume":"133","author":"Bernstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.030","article-title":"Urticaria and angioedema across the ages","volume":"8","author":"Saini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2120166","article-title":"Chronic Urticaria","volume":"387","author":"Lang","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00852-3","article-title":"Chronic urticaria: unmet needs, emerging drugs, and new perspectives on personalised treatment","volume":"404","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.05.026","article-title":"Leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to antihistamines for urticaria: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"154","author":"Rayner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15090","article-title":"The international EAACI\/GA2LEN\/EuroGuiDerm\/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria","volume":"77","author":"Zuberbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20892","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of people with chronic urticaria 2021","volume":"186","author":"Sabroe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12494","article-title":"BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema","volume":"45","author":"Powell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.11.009","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology\/American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine\u2013based recommendations","volume":"132","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.10.022","article-title":"Impact of pharmacological treatments for chronic spontaneous urticaria with an inadequate response to H1-antihistamines on health-related quality of life: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Nochaiwong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15928","article-title":"Comparison between chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic induced urticaria on the efficacy of omalizumab treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14077","article-title":"Efficacy of methotrexate as add on therapy to H1 antihistamine in difficult to treat chronic urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"33","author":"Patil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e455","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000000912","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"27","author":"Jia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.3237","article-title":"Evaluation of pharmacologic treatments for H1 antihistamine\u2013refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Nochaiwong","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13609","article-title":"Method\u2019s corner: allergist\u2019s guide to network meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.035","article-title":"Translating evidence to optimize patient care using GRADE","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib17","volume":"v6.5","author":"Higgins","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-074495","article-title":"A guide and pragmatic considerations for applying GRADE to network meta-analysis","volume":"381","author":"Izcovich","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","article-title":"The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations","volume":"162","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.06.003","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for hives and itch (urticaria): systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"133","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.04.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of systemic corticosteroids for urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006","article-title":"Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results","volume":"59","author":"Furukawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0483-0","article-title":"Dealing with missing standard deviation and mean values in meta-analysis of continuous outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Weir","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1429","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample standard deviation from the five-number summary","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles\u2014continuous outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.46","article-title":"Pooling health-related quality of life outcomes in meta-analysis\u2014a tutorial and review of methods for enhancing interpretability","volume":"2","author":"Thorlund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.08.021","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures in chronic spontaneous urticaria, angioedema, and atopic dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Bernstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib30","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.012","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 12. Preparing summary of findings tables\u2014binary outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6381","article-title":"Predictive distributions for between-study heterogeneity and simple methods for their application in Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Turner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.06.010","article-title":"Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation concept article 5: addressing intransitivity in a network meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"119","author":"Santesso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.10.005","article-title":"Advances in the GRADE approach to rate the certainty in estimates from a network meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib36","article-title":"GRADE approach to drawing conclusions from a network meta-analysis using a minimally contextualised framework","volume":"371","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.11.025","article-title":"GRADE approach to rate the certainty from a network meta-analysis: addressing incoherence","volume":"108","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.08.022","article-title":"GRADE approach to rate the certainty from a network meta-analysis: avoiding spurious judgments of imprecision in sparse networks","volume":"105","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.07.011","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 33: addressing imprecision in a network meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Brignardello-Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.026","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 32: GRADE offers guidance on choosing targets of GRADE certainty of evidence ratings","volume":"137","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E901","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses","volume":"192","author":"Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib42","first-page":"328","article-title":"The effect of autologous serum therapy on disease severity in patients with chronic urticaria","volume":"15","author":"Abolnezhadian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae067","article-title":"Benralizumab does not elicit therapeutic effect in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from the phase IIb multinational randomized double-blind placebo-controlled ARROYO trial","volume":"191","author":"Altrichter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.200","article-title":"Probiotic as an adjuvant therapy in chronic urticaria: a blinded randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Atefi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.156391","article-title":"Azathioprine in autologous serum skin test positive chronic urticaria: a case\u2013control study in a tertiary care hospital of eastern India","volume":"6","author":"Bhanja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14778","article-title":"Phototherapy using narrowband ultraviolet B and psoralen plus ultraviolet A is beneficial in steroid-dependent antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria: a randomized, prospective observer-blinded comparative study","volume":"176","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/clt2.12226","article-title":"Inhibition of interleukin-1 with rilonacept is not effective in cold urticaria\u2014results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Bonnekoh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.23822\/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.11","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of anti-histamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria, randomized single-blinded placebo-controlled trial and an open label comparison study","volume":"49","author":"Boonpiyathad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.10.005","article-title":"Dupilumab significantly improves itch and hives in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CUPID study C)","volume":"133","author":"Casale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib50","first-page":"47","article-title":"Vitamin D in chronic urticaria: unrevealing the enigma","volume":"177","author":"Dabas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.4103\/ijdvl.IJDVL_577_19","article-title":"Exploring the safety and effectiveness of subcutaneous autologous serum therapy versus conventional intramuscular autologous serum therapy in chronic urticaria: an observer-blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"86","author":"Datta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.135490","article-title":"Autologous serum therapy in chronic urticaria: a promising complement to antihistamines","volume":"59","author":"Debbarman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02510.x","article-title":"Prospective randomized non-blinded clinical trial on the use of dapsone plus antihistamine vs antihistamine in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"22","author":"Engin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0434","article-title":"Treatment of chronic urticaria with narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"88","author":"Engin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.12.025","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab (Xolair) for cholinergic urticaria in patients unresponsive to a double dose of antihistamines: a randomized mixed double-blind and open-label placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Gastaminza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_710_16","article-title":"Subcutaneous autologous serum therapy in chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"62","author":"Godse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2022.07.017","article-title":"Omalizumab for treatment of idiopathic angioedema","volume":"129","author":"Goswamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03664.x","article-title":"Randomized double-blind study of cyclosporin in chronic \u201cidiopathic\u201d urticaria","volume":"143","author":"Grattan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.023","article-title":"A randomized trial of quilizumab in adults with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"138","author":"Harris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.03.009","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in Japanese and Korean patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"87","author":"Hide","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13066","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effect of omalizumab on basophils in chronic urticaria patients","volume":"48","author":"Jorg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1159\/000091171","article-title":"Theophylline as \u201cadd-on\u201d therapy to cetirizine in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"139","author":"Kalogeromitros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.05.013","article-title":"Omalizumab in patients with symptomatic chronic idiopathic\/spontaneous urticaria despite standard combination therapy","volume":"132","author":"Kaplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02511.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of desloratadine combined with dipyridamole in the treatment of chronic urticaria","volume":"22","author":"Khalaf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2011.593485","article-title":"Autologous whole blood and autologous serum injections are equally effective as placebo injections in reducing disease activity in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: a placebo controlled, randomized, single-blind study","volume":"23","author":"Kocaturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555557369370","article-title":"Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron) in chronic urticaria: a double-blind study","volume":"57","author":"Laurberg","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib67","first-page":"287","article-title":"Calcium antagonist in the treatment of symptomatic dermographism. Low-dose and high-dose studies with nifedipine","volume":"177","author":"Lawlor","year":"1988","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb04167.x","article-title":"Delayed pressure urticaria, objective evaluation of a variable disease using a dermographometer and assessment of treatment using colchicine","volume":"120","author":"Lawlor","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.07.097","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of methotrexate versus placebo as add-on therapy to H1 antihistamines for patients with difficult-to-treat chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"82","author":"Leducq","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.891","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of TLL-018 in moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria patients with inadequate response to H1 antihistamine: results from a phase Ib study","volume":"153","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04689.x","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of miltefosine in antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"27","author":"Magerl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.07.058","article-title":"Canakinumab lacks efficacy in treating adult patients with moderate to severe chronic spontaneous urticaria in a phase II randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single-center study","volume":"9","author":"Maul","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.04.038","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic urticaria who exhibit IgE against thyroperoxidase","volume":"128","author":"Maurer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215372","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria","volume":"368","author":"Maurer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.042","article-title":"Omalizumab is effective in symptomatic dermographism\u2014results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Maurer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.018","article-title":"The XTEND-CIU study: long-term use of omalizumab in chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"141","author":"Maurer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1900408","article-title":"Ligelizumab for chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"381","author":"Maurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.08.027","article-title":"Remibrutinib, a novel BTK inhibitor, demonstrates promising efficacy and safety in chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"150","author":"Maurer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.01.028","article-title":"Dupilumab in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (LIBERTY-CSU CUPID): two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials","volume":"154","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01684-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of ligelizumab in adults and adolescents with chronic spontaneous urticaria: results of two phase 3 randomised controlled trials","volume":"403","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib81","first-page":"AB373","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rilzabrutinib in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: 12-week results from the RILECSU phase 2 dose-ranging study","volume":"153","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib82","first-page":"AB373","article-title":"Sustained improvement in UAS7 after 16-week treatment with tezepelumab in biologic-na\u00efve adults with CSU: results of the phase 2b INCEPTION study","volume":"153","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.873","article-title":"Barzolvolimab significantly decreases chronic spontaneous urticaria disease activity and is well tolerated: top line results from a phase 2 trial","volume":"153","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.10.006","article-title":"Positive efficacy and favorable safety of barzolvolimab in chronic inducible urticaria: phase II trial results","volume":"133","author":"Maurer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.18304","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria is associated with a reduction of FcepsilonRI-positive cells in the skin","volume":"7","author":"Metz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.01.043","article-title":"Omalizumab is effective in cold urticaria\u2014results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Metz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01537-w","article-title":"Fenebrutinib in H1 antihistamine\u2013refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized phase 2 trial","volume":"27","author":"Metz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2020.1762838","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of active vitamin D supplementation in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients","volume":"33","author":"Mohamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.01.003","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcome and biochemical profile in South Indian population with vitamin D\u2013deficient chronic urticarial\u2014a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial","volume":"504","author":"Mony","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.004","article-title":"Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of dapsone in antihistamine refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"2","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.883","article-title":"Efficacy of remibrutinib in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria with or without prior exposure to biologics in the phase 3 REMIX-1 and REMIX-2 studies","volume":"153","author":"Mosnaim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15119","article-title":"Efficacy of the colchicine add-on therapy in patients with autoimmune chronic urticaria","volume":"34","author":"Nabavizadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00412929","article-title":"Treatment of chronic urticaria with PUVA or UVA plus placebo: a double-blind study","volume":"278","author":"Olafsson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000496162","article-title":"Effects of an oral CRTh2 antagonist (AZD1981) on eosinophil activity and symptoms in chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"179","author":"Oliver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2001.tb00137.x","article-title":"Stanozolol in chronic urticaria: a double blind, placebo controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Parsad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2019.100033","article-title":"Comparing azathioprine with cyclosporine in the treatment of antihistamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a randomized prospective active-controlled non-inferiority study","volume":"12","author":"Pathania","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib97","first-page":"470","article-title":"Efficacy of autologous serum therapy in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria compared to control group assessed by dermatological life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire (late breaking abstract)","volume":"73","author":"Rabeti Moghdam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib98","first-page":"49","article-title":"Dapsone as adjuvant treatment in chronic ordinary urticaria: positive implications for quality of life","volume":"163","author":"Rajan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40413-015-0066-z","article-title":"Chronic urticaria merits serum vitamin D evaluation and supplementation; a randomized case control study","volume":"8","author":"Rasool","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0903.2004.00532.x","article-title":"Impact of hydroxychloroquine therapy on chronic urticaria: chronic autoimmune urticaria study and evaluation","volume":"34","author":"Reeves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i94","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae090.193","article-title":"Efficacy of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy vs low-dose oral ciclosporin as second-line management in antihistamine-refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria: a noninferiority, randomized study","volume":"192","author":"Roshini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.010","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of single-dose omalizumab in patients with H1-antihistamine\u2013refractory chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"128","author":"Saini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.306","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in patients with chronic idiopathic\/spontaneous urticaria who remain symptomatic on H1 antihistamines: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"135","author":"Saini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16446","article-title":"CT-P39 compared with reference omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria: results from a double-blind, randomized, active-controlled, phase 3 study","author":"Saini","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.06.002","article-title":"Evaluation of a guidelines-based approach to the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"6","author":"Sanchez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8985","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09361-4","article-title":"Omalizumab efficacy in cases of chronic spontaneous urticaria is not explained by the inhibition of sera activity in effector cells","volume":"7","author":"Serrano-Candelas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.129382","article-title":"A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study of methotrexate in the treatment of H1 antihistamine-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"80","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000090656","article-title":"Autologous whole blood injections to patients with chronic urticaria and a positive autologous serum skin test: a placebo-controlled trial","volume":"212","author":"Staubach","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12870","article-title":"Effect of omalizumab on angioedema in H1-antihistamine\u2013resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: results from X-ACT, a randomized controlled trial","volume":"71","author":"Staubach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.13982","article-title":"Ligelizumab in adolescents with chronic spontaneous urticaria: results of a dedicated phase 2b randomized clinical trial supported with pharmacometric analysis","volume":"34","author":"Staubach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.022","article-title":"Omalizumab re-treatment and step-up in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria: OPTIMA trial","volume":"8","author":"Sussman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00996.x","article-title":"Low-dose cyclosporin A in the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"52","author":"Toubi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.04.078","article-title":"Cyclosporine in chronic idiopathic urticaria: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Vena","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05877.x","article-title":"Beneficial effects of danazol on symptoms and laboratory changes in cholinergic urticaria","volume":"116","author":"Wong","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.622","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of YH35324, a novel long-acting high-affinity IgETrap-Fc fusion protein, in atopic subjects with a total IgE > 700 IU\/mL","volume":"153","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15303","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in Chinese patients with anti-histamine refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"35","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000903700422","article-title":"Treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria with levamisole: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib118","first-page":"178","article-title":"To assess the effectiveness of methotrexate v\/s dapsone\/ASST in treating chronic urticaria","volume":"13","author":"Kaushik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib119","first-page":"261","article-title":"To evaluate the efficacy of methotrexate versus dapsone\/ASST in the treatment of chronic urticaria","volume":"12","author":"Soni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Life Sci Biotechnol Pharma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib120","article-title":"Clinical study on the use of omalizumab for IgE-mediated allergic diseases","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib121","article-title":"Efficacy of sulfasalazine, an anti-inflammatory agent, for the treatment of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria patients not controlled on oral antihistamines","volume":"113","author":"Nsouli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.09.009","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"149","author":"Oykhman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.12.1355","article-title":"Alternative agents in chronic urticaria and angioedema","volume":"135","author":"Deol","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(02)81501-9","article-title":"Sulfasalazine in the treatment of chronic urticaria (CU)","volume":"109","author":"Jaffer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.490","article-title":"Sulfasalazine is beneficial in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"117","author":"McGirt","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.09.028","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of sulfasalazine in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"112","author":"Orden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.11.020","article-title":"Success with immunomodulatory therapies in the treatment of recalcitrant chronic urticaria","volume":"110","author":"Pongonis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2016.08.010","article-title":"The comparative safety of multiple alternative agents in refractory chronic urticaria patients","volume":"5","author":"Seth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02655.x","article-title":"Treatment of severe chronic idiopathic urticaria with oral mycophenolate mofetil in patients not responding to antihistamines and\/or corticosteroids","volume":"45","author":"Shahar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib130","first-page":"A36","article-title":"Comparison of treatments for chronic idiopathic urticaria","volume":"109","author":"Stitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.12266","article-title":"Delayed pressure urticaria: response to treatment with sulfasalazine in a case series of seventeen patients","volume":"28","author":"Swerlick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.06.004","article-title":"The use of mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of autoimmune and chronic idiopathic urticaria: experience in 19 patients","volume":"66","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.84737","article-title":"Omalizumab in treatment-resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"56","author":"Godse","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.026","article-title":"Effective treatment of idiopathic chronic cold urticaria with omalizumab: report of 3 cases","volume":"69","author":"Le Moing","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.10.018","article-title":"High-dose omalizumab use in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"8","author":"Alizadeh Aghdam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16379","article-title":"Omalizumab updosing allows disease activity control in patients with refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"179","author":"Curto-Barredo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19425","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic inducible urticaria in 80 patients","volume":"184","author":"Exposito-Serrano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1159\/000491530","article-title":"Omalizumab updosing for better disease control in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients","volume":"177","author":"Kocaturk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475419847956","article-title":"The real-life effectiveness and safety of omalizumab updosing in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"23","author":"Salman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24596","article-title":"2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Fraenkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2521","article-title":"Uncertainty in treatment rankings: reanalysis of network meta-analyses of randomized trials","volume":"164","author":"Trinquart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.05.010","article-title":"The development methods of official GRADE articles and requirements for claiming the use of GRADE\u2014a statement by the GRADE guidance group","volume":"159","author":"Schunemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.07.006","article-title":"Treatment of chronic autoimmune urticaria with omalizumab","volume":"122","author":"Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.03.033","article-title":"The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria: the role of infiltrating cells","volume":"9","author":"Gimenez-Arnau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1247","article-title":"Thymic stromal lymphopoietin as a key initiator of allergic airway inflammation in mice","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2004.08.004","article-title":"Interleukin-4 receptor signaling pathways in asthma pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Chatila","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.029","article-title":"Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.08.002","article-title":"IL-33, but not thymic stromal lymphopoietin or IL-25, is central to mite and peanut allergic sensitization","volume":"131","author":"Chu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312382","article-title":"Omalizumab for the treatment of multiple food allergies","volume":"390","author":"Wood","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.026","article-title":"The Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE guidelines for the medical management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis","volume":"151","author":"Rank","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1159\/000525870","article-title":"Risk of atopic disorders in patients with chronic urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"239","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.017","article-title":"Trustworthy patient-centered guidelines: insights from atopic dermatitis and a proposal for the future","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1806037","article-title":"New biologics for asthma","volume":"378","author":"Drazen","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13616","article-title":"Interleukin-17 is a potential player and treatment target in severe chronic spontaneous urticaria","volume":"50","author":"Sabag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.07.038","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events among patients receiving omalizumab: results from EXCELS, a prospective cohort study in moderate to severe asthma","volume":"139","author":"Iribarren","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15008","article-title":"Potential cancer risk with omalizumab? A disproportionality analysis of the WHO\u2019s VigiBase pharmacovigilance database","volume":"76","author":"Mota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(22)00283-8","article-title":"Cancer risk with topical calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus, for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Devasenapathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674925006463?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674925006463?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:57:42Z","timestamp":1778903862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674925006463"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":157,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674925006463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative efficacy and safety of biologics and systemic immunomodulatory treatments for chronic urticaria: Systematic review and network meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.06.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}