{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:37:06Z","timestamp":1791232626272,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T17:12:23Z","timestamp":1770311543000},"page":"970-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Macrolides for asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"158","author":[{"given":"Leonardo M.","family":"Ologundudu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazmul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6699-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Rayner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandro W.L.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Loeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Rivera-Spoljaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Chipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaharu","family":"Sumino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Oppenheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmilee M.","family":"Nyenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot","family":"Israel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Hoyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara T.","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie G.","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Guyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay E.","family":"Shade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"O\u2019Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilarry","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dia","family":"Sue-Wah-Sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Melendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Winders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna D.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathyrn","family":"Przywara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giselle","family":"Mosnaim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard B.","family":"Bacharier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Rank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8269-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.03157.x","article-title":"Acute exacerbations of asthma: epidemiology, biology and the exacerbation-prone phenotype","volume":"39","author":"Dougherty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib2","series-title":"Most Recent Asthma Data","year":"2024"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib3","first-page":"S7","article-title":"Epidemiology and economic burden of asthma","volume":"5","author":"Loftus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib4","series-title":"Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib5","first-page":"CD002997","article-title":"Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma","volume":"11","author":"Undela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2016.7.0168","article-title":"Effects of low-dose clarithromycin added to fluticasone on inflammatory markers and pulmonary function among children with asthma: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Wan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.4.2011040","article-title":"Trial of roxithromycin in subjects with asthma and serological evidence of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae","volume":"164","author":"Black","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib8","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of low dose roxithromycin in chronic stable mild-to-moderate asthma","volume":"36","author":"Kapoor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib9","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Analysis of the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of non-eosinophilic refractory asthma","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2022.02.025","article-title":"Azithromycin for poorly controlled asthma in children: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"161","author":"Ghimire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106494","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on bronchial wall thickness in severe persistent asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"185","author":"Sadeghdoust","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081903","article-title":"Core GRADE 1: overview of the Core GRADE approach","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib13","article-title":"Core GRADE 2: choosing the target of certainty rating and assessing imprecision","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib14","article-title":"Core GRADE 3: rating certainty of evidence-assessing inconsistency","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-083864","article-title":"Core GRADE 4: rating certainty of evidence-risk of bias, publication bias, and reasons for rating up certainty","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib16","article-title":"Core GRADE 5: rating certainty of evidence-assessing indirectness","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-083866","article-title":"Core GRADE 6: presenting the evidence in summary of findings tables","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-083867","article-title":"Core GRADE 7: principles for moving from evidence to recommendations and decisions","volume":"389","author":"Guyatt","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib19","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024)","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2024.06.003","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids for hives and itch (urticaria): systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"133","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.029","article-title":"Systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.08.030","article-title":"Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"152","author":"Chu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.04.016","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of systemic corticosteroids for urticaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.05.026","article-title":"Leukotriene receptor antagonists as add-on therapy to antihistamines for urticaria: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"154","author":"Rayner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.22700","article-title":"Inhaled reliever therapies for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"333","author":"Rayner","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7872","article-title":"Triple vs dual inhaler therapy and asthma outcomes in moderate to severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"325","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib27","article-title":"Values and preferences of patients and caregivers regarding the management of moderate to severe asthma: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis","author":"Rayner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib28","article-title":"Bronchial thermoplasty for severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms","author":"Rayner","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-084164","article-title":"Protocol for the development of a tool (INSPECT-SR) to identify problematic randomised controlled trials in systematic reviews of health interventions","volume":"14","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.06.017","article-title":"Trustworthy patient-centered guidelines: insights from atopic dermatitis and a proposal for the future","volume":"10","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.04.015","article-title":"Specific instructions for estimating unclearly reported blinding status in randomized trials were reliable and valid","volume":"65","author":"Akl","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006","article-title":"Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results","volume":"59","author":"Furukawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1429","article-title":"Optimally estimating the sample standard deviation from the five-number summary","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.08.001","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 13. Preparing summary of findings tables and evidence profiles\u2014continuous outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Guyatt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.46","article-title":"Pooling health-related quality of life outcomes in meta-analysis\u2014a tutorial and review of methods for enhancing interpretability","volume":"2","author":"Thorlund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7208.508","article-title":"An introduction to bayesian methods in health technology assessment","volume":"319","author":"Spiegelhalter","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.09.020","article-title":"Allergen immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of benefits and harms","volume":"151","author":"Yepes-Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib41","article-title":"Adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics versus placebo for any indication","volume":"1","author":"Hansen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E901","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.200077","article-title":"Development of the Instrument to assess the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) in randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses","volume":"192","author":"Schandelmaier","year":"2020","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2021.09.035","article-title":"Translating evidence to optimize patient care using GRADE","volume":"9","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.10.014","article-title":"GRADE guidelines 26: informative statements to communicate the findings of systematic reviews of interventions","volume":"119","author":"Santesso","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62409-X","article-title":"Clarithromycin suppresses bronchial hyperresponsiveness associated with eosinophilic inflammation in patients with asthma","volume":"84","author":"Amayasu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202698","article-title":"Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations in severe asthma (AZISAST): a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Brusselle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00093913","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of azithromycin in smokers with asthma","volume":"42","author":"Cameron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31281-3","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"Gibson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.04.110309","article-title":"Azithromycin for bronchial asthma in adults: an effectiveness trial","volume":"25","author":"Hahn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pctr.0010011","article-title":"Secondary outcomes of a pilot randomized trial of azithromycin treatment for asthma","volume":"1","author":"Hahn","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib52","first-page":"719","article-title":"Clinical impacts of azithromycin on lung function and cytokines for asthmatic patients","volume":"36","author":"He","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fudan University Journal of Medical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90345-G","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low-dose troleandomycin therapy in children with severe, steroid-requiring asthma","volume":"91","author":"Kamada","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00118404","article-title":"Clarithromycin reduces the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma","volume":"23","author":"Kostadima","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.2.398","article-title":"A double-blind study of troleandomycin and methylprednisolone in asthmatic subjects who require daily corticosteroids","volume":"147","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00551.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of roxithromycin in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma","volume":"29","author":"Shoji","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200707-1134OC","article-title":"Clarithromycin targets neutrophilic airway inflammation in refractory asthma","volume":"177","author":"Simpson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.09.028","article-title":"Azithromycin or montelukast as inhaled corticosteroid-sparing agents in moderate-to-severe childhood asthma study","volume":"122","author":"Strunk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.07.024","article-title":"A trial of clarithromycin for the treatment of suboptimally controlled asthma","volume":"126","author":"Sutherland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib60","first-page":"119","article-title":"The study on effect of roxithromycin combined with budesonide in therapy in patients with asthma","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Guide of Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib61","first-page":"184","article-title":"Clinical study on efficacy of roxithromycin combined with inhaled budesonide dry powder inhalation on asthma","volume":"13","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2008.09.001","article-title":"Long-term, low-dose azithromycin treatment reduces the incidence but increases macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Danish CF patients","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl014","article-title":"Macrolide resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus species associated with long-term azithromycin use in cystic fibrosis","volume":"57","author":"Phaff","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000247109.44249.ac","article-title":"Maintenance azithromycin treatment in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis: long-term outcomes related to macrolide resistance and pulmonary function","volume":"26","author":"Tramper-Stranders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d29.x","article-title":"Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure asthma control","volume":"14","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.10.008","article-title":"Measurement properties and interpretation of three shortened versions of the asthma control questionnaire","volume":"99","author":"Juniper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.2.76","article-title":"Evaluation of impairment of health related quality of life in asthma: development of a questionnaire for use in clinical trials","volume":"47","author":"Juniper","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1265","article-title":"Validation of a standardized version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire","volume":"115","author":"Juniper","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2023.12.015","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of macrolide therapy for adult asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Fukuda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2024.01.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of macrolides in the management of adult patients with asthma","volume":"73","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1753465811406771","article-title":"Neomacrolides in the treatment of patients with severe asthma and\/or bronchiectasis: a retrospective observational study","volume":"5","author":"Coeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.048","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin on asthma remission in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma: a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-anonymized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"166","author":"Thomas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2019.08.024","article-title":"Trends and disparities in asthma biologic use in the United States","volume":"8","author":"Inselman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib71","first-page":"CD002203","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics (including azithromycin) for cystic fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Southern","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201402-0385CI","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics and the risk of cardiac arrhythmias","volume":"189","author":"Albert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.31083\/ph.2010.0644","article-title":"The cardiotoxicity of macrolides: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Guo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.1.2.121","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of macrolides, ketolides and fluoroquinolones that prolong the QTc interval","volume":"1","author":"Iannini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00328-2018","article-title":"The overlap between bronchiectasis and chronic airway diseases: state of the art and future directions","volume":"52","author":"Polverino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.2680","article-title":"Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults: a review","volume":"334","author":"Barker","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30191-2","article-title":"Long-term macrolide antibiotics for the treatment of bronchiectasis in adults: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib78","first-page":"CD012406","article-title":"Macrolide antibiotics for bronchiectasis","volume":"3","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib79","first-page":"CD009764","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"10","author":"Herath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.4065\/74.6.613","article-title":"The macrolides: erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin","volume":"74","author":"Alvarez-Elcoro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(01)00490-3","article-title":"The safety of azithromycin in the treatment of adults with community-acquired respiratory tract infections","volume":"19","author":"Treadway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.11.18","article-title":"Mycoplasma pneumoniae: susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics","volume":"6","author":"B\u00e9b\u00e9ar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.081187","article-title":"Increase in pneumococcus macrolide resistance, United States","volume":"15","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04337-14","article-title":"Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae azithromycin susceptibility in the United States by the Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project, 2005 to 2013","volume":"59","author":"Kirkcaldy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2021.13.5.697","article-title":"Risk, mechanisms and implications of asthma-associated infectious and inflammatory multimorbidities (AIMs) among individuals with asthma: a systematic review and a case study","volume":"13","author":"Kwon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044113","article-title":"Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease","volume":"352","author":"Talbot","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02246-21","article-title":"Assessment of long-term macrolide exposure on the oropharyngeal microbiome and macrolide resistance in healthy adults and consequences for onward transmission of resistance","volume":"66","author":"Burr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60235-9","article-title":"Effect of azithromycin and clarithromycin therapy on pharyngeal carriage of macrolide-resistant streptococci in healthy volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"369","author":"Malhotra-Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204517","article-title":"The impact of azithromycin therapy on the airway microbiota in asthma","volume":"69","author":"Slater","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(14)70213-9","article-title":"The effect of long-term macrolide treatment on respiratory microbiota composition in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: an analysis from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled BLESS trial","volume":"2","author":"Rogers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.06.011","article-title":"Triple therapy vs dual inhaler therapy for moderate-to-severe asthma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Rayner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.04.039","article-title":"Patient-facing digital inhalers for asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ologundudu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50774-1","article-title":"Increased risk of hearing loss associated with macrolide use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Shim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674926000783?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674926000783?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:58:54Z","timestamp":1791194334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674926000783"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674926000783"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Macrolides for asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.01.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}