{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:24:39Z","timestamp":1787973879762,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011790","name":"Xiangya Hospital, Central South University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacionline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:04:38Z","timestamp":1772093078000},"page":"1295-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Squamous metaplasia as an associated remodeling feature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Shaobing","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sijie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihai","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.031","article-title":"Alterations of nasal microbiome in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"151","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01312-0","article-title":"Single-cell profiling identifies mechanisms of inflammatory heterogeneity in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib3","first-page":"652","article-title":"Recent advances in chronic rhinosinusitis: pathophysiology, treatments, and outcome measures","volume":"62","author":"Fokkens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.012","article-title":"Small proline-rich protein 2A drives epithelial remodeling in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps via SAA2 upregulation","volume":"156","author":"Xie","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib5","first-page":"245","article-title":"Patient preferences for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"63","author":"Sutphin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib6","first-page":"132","article-title":"Development and multicenter validation of a novel radiomics-based model for identifying eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.03.024","article-title":"Rethinking neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis","author":"Delemarre","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol, 148"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.12.826","article-title":"IL-13\u2013associated epithelial remodeling correlates with clinical severity in nasal polyposis","volume":"151","author":"Kotas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8050","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08395-9","article-title":"GZMK-expressing CD8+ T cells promote recurrent airway inflammatory diseases","volume":"638","author":"Lan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16064","article-title":"Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions","volume":"79","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.01.018","article-title":"Epithelial cell function and remodeling in nasal polyposis","volume":"124","author":"Bankova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.06.005","article-title":"Eosinophils and tissue remodeling: relevance to airway disease","volume":"152","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01656-7","article-title":"p63+Krt5+ basal cells are increased in the squamous metaplastic epithelium of patients with radiation-induced chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"15","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1177\/1945892420929270","article-title":"Histopathologic influences of comorbid smoking status in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"34","author":"Kuhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.23460","article-title":"S100A9 induces tissue remodeling of human nasal epithelium in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp","volume":"15","author":"Ahn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924251342999","article-title":"GLUT1 promotes squamous metaplasia in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy, 39"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.04.012","article-title":"An eosinophil peroxidase activity assay accurately predicts eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"152","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21631","article-title":"Smoking is an independent association of squamous metaplasia in Chinese nasal polyps","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib19","first-page":"432","article-title":"Elevated MIF identified by multiple cytokine analyses facilitates macrophage M2 polarization contributing to postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"62","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L263","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00141.2021","article-title":"A toolbox for studying respiratory viral infections using air\u2013liquid interface cultures of human airway epithelial cells","volume":"321","author":"Michi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.05.007","article-title":"Dissecting key contributions of TH2 and TH17 cytokines to atopic dermatitis pathophysiology","author":"Meesters","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol, 156"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-1996","article-title":"Delta-like ligand-notch 1 signaling is selectively modulated by HPV16 E6 to promote squamous cell proliferation and correlates with cervical cancer prognosis","volume":"81","author":"Khelil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22147646","article-title":"Cigarette smoke specifically affects small airway epithelial cell populations and triggers the expansion of inflammatory and squamous differentiation associated basal cells","volume":"22","author":"Wohnhaas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16579","article-title":"Two-year data of tapered dupilumab shows high effectiveness in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease","volume":"80","author":"Elzinga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1111\/all.16600","article-title":"Dupilumab treatment is associated with clinical improvement and a shift toward a health-associated nasal passage microbiota in diffuse type 2 chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"80","author":"Ryser","year":"2025","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib26","first-page":"236","article-title":"Impaired local vitamin D3 metabolism contributes to IL-36g overproduction in epithelial cells in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"62","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.03.014","article-title":"Association of long-term air pollution and allergen exposure with endotype shift in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 135"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.08.001","article-title":"Context-dependent roles of mitochondrial LONP1 in orchestrating the balance between airway progenitor versus progeny cells","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2022-0299OC","article-title":"Human airway basal cells undergo reversible squamous differentiation and reshape innate immunity","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.01.030","article-title":"Type 2 inflammation drives an airway basal stem cell program through insulin receptor substrate signaling","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib31","article-title":"Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers control airway basal progenitor cell function through glycolytic\u2013epigenetic reprogramming","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell, 32"},{"issue":"7720","key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0449-8","article-title":"Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells","volume":"560","author":"Ordovas-Montanes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.11.016","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps promote \u0394Np63+ basal cell hyperplasia in chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"153","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2024.04.001","article-title":"Role of basal cells in nasal polyp epithelium in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS)","volume":"73","author":"Kawakita","year":"2024","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2024.04.021","article-title":"The nasal basal cell population shifts toward a diseased phenotype with impaired barrier formation capacity in allergic rhinitis","volume":"154","author":"Ruysseveldt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2025.03.011","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and mechanisms of biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"155","author":"Kratchmarov","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02553-2017","article-title":"Exaggerated BMP4 signalling alters human airway basal progenitor cell differentiation to cigarette smoking\u2013related phenotypes","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2025.03.014","article-title":"Effect of dupilumab on respiratory outcomes in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma","volume":"13","author":"Hoshino","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01298-9","article-title":"Dupilumab: a review in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps","volume":"80","author":"Hoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drugs"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674926001314?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0091674926001314?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:57:54Z","timestamp":1780567074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0091674926001314"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0091674926001314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["0091-6749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0091-6749","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Squamous metaplasia as an associated remodeling feature","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2026.02.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}