{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:08:41Z","timestamp":1791065321105,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019944","name":"Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jaci-global.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T12:12:04Z","timestamp":1745410324000},"page":"100483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Combined TNF-\u03b1 and OX40L targeting as a new treatment option for hidradenitis suppurativa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8122-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Leeuw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deimant\u0117","family":"\u0160imait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Heyninck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Cornelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Rommelaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kreutzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Florian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa-Charlotte","family":"Brembach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Nestle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Wolk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00457-9","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and co-occurrence of autoimmune disorders over time and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status: a population-based cohort study of 22 million individuals in the UK","volume":"401","author":"Conrad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.07.003","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and racial and ethnic distribution of inflammatory bowel disease in the United States","volume":"165","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-02074-z","article-title":"Trends in prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years relating to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Europe: an observational study of the global burden of disease database, 2001-2019","volume":"22","author":"Marshall","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18050","article-title":"Prevalence of most common skin diseases in Europe: a population-based study","volume":"36","author":"Richard","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00184-7","article-title":"Therapeutics targeting the IL-23 and IL-17 pathway in psoriasis","volume":"397","author":"Ghoreschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00022-3","article-title":"Secukinumab in moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (SUNSHINE and SUNRISE): week 16 and week 52 results of two identical, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trials","volume":"401","author":"Kimball","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"6","author":"Sabat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585880","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor receptors: pleiotropic signaling complexes and their differential effects","volume":"11","author":"Gough","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08211.x","article-title":"Characterization of the MRC OX40 antigen of activated CD4 positive T lymphocytes\u2014a molecule related to nerve growth factor receptor","volume":"9","author":"Mallett","year":"1990","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.22","article-title":"Beyond TNF: TNF superfamily cytokines as targets for the treatment of rheumatic diseases","volume":"13","author":"Croft","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.757","article-title":"Identification of a human OX-40 ligand, a costimulator of CD4+ T cells with homology to tumor necrosis factor","volume":"180","author":"Godfrey","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.01.006","article-title":"OX40: Structure and function\u2014what questions remain?","volume":"83","author":"Willoughby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14670-w","article-title":"Immune checkpoint modulation enhances HIV-1 antibody induction","volume":"11","author":"Bradley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-211499","article-title":"B cell OX40L supports T follicular helper cell development and contributes to SLE pathogenesis","volume":"76","author":"Cortini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.670637","article-title":"The OX40\/OX40L axis regulates T follicular helper cell differentiation: implications for autoimmune diseases","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib17","first-page":"1212","article-title":"The development of nanobodies for therapeutic applications","volume":"10","author":"Van Bockstaele","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.034","article-title":"Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"151","author":"Sabat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2014.02.008","article-title":"The T-cell-dependent antibody response assay in nonclinical studies of pharmaceuticals and chemicals: study design, data analysis, interpretation","volume":"69","author":"Lebrec","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.25.183","article-title":"Development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in the cynomolgus monkey","volume":"25","author":"Bouchez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.06.012","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis displays stable and dynamic skin transcriptome signatures","volume":"147","author":"M\u00f6bus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.28","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of psoriasis in a large case-control sample: RNA-seq provides insights into disease mechanisms","volume":"134","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903907","article-title":"Deficiency of IL-22 contributes to a chronic inflammatory disease: pathogenetic mechanisms in acne inversa","volume":"186","author":"Wolk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242317014","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of hidradenitis suppurativa: a unique molecular signature with broad immune activation","volume":"24","author":"Ben Abdallah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535503","article-title":"IL-22 regulates the expression of genes responsible for antimicrobial defense, cellular differentiation, and mobility in keratinocytes: a potential role in psoriasis","volume":"36","author":"Wolk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00742-7","article-title":"T cell pathology in skin inflammation","volume":"41","author":"Sabat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.49","article-title":"Long-term successful adalimumab therapy in severe hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"145","author":"Blanco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.11.018","article-title":"The IL-1 pathway is hyperactive in hidradenitis suppurativa and contributes to skin infiltration and destruction","volume":"139","author":"Witte-H\u00e4ndel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15424","article-title":"Lipocalin-2 is expressed by activated granulocytes and keratinocytes in affected skin and reflects disease activity in acne inversa\/hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"177","author":"Wolk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504370","article-title":"Two phase 3 trials of adalimumab for hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"375","author":"Kimball","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139930","article-title":"Contribution of plasma cells and B cells to hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Gudjonsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib32","article-title":"A comprehensive review of biological agents for lupus: beyond single target","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02475-9","article-title":"Hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"405","author":"Sabat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.09.001","article-title":"The bispecific antibody aimed at the vicious circle of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-17A, is beneficial for the collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis of mice through NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"179","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40580","article-title":"ABT-122, a bispecific dual variable domain immunoglobulin targeting tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind study","volume":"70","author":"Genovese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2015.1093266","article-title":"Discovery and characterization of COVA322, a clinical-stage bispecific TNF\/IL-17A inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"8","author":"Silacci","year":"2016","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq4419","article-title":"Additive efficacy of a bispecific anti-TNF\/IL-6 nanobody compound in translational models of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"15","author":"Biesemann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8498-3","article-title":"OX40, OX40L and autoimmunity: a comprehensive review","volume":"50","author":"Webb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00191-1","article-title":"OX40 promotes Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 expression and is essential for long-term survival of CD4 T cells","volume":"15","author":"Rogers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201270","article-title":"Anti-TNF treatment blocks the induction of T cell-dependent humoral responses","volume":"72","author":"Salinas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.05.012","article-title":"OX40 ligand contributes to human lupus pathogenesis by promoting T follicular helper response","volume":"42","author":"Jacquemin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2020.115285","article-title":"Decreased immune response in monkeys administered a human T-effector cell agonist (OX40) antibody","volume":"409","author":"Gamse","year":"2020","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2539","article-title":"OX40L inhibition suppresses KLH-driven immune responses in healthy volunteers: a randomized controlled trial demonstrating proof-of-pharmacology for KY1005","volume":"111","author":"Saghari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-012-0564-1","article-title":"Comparative analysis of inflammatory infiltrates in collagen-induced arthritis, kidney graft rejection and delayed-type hypersensitivity in non-human primates","volume":"62","author":"Jonker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.02.014","article-title":"Ex vivo models and interpretation of mechanistic studies in hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"140","author":"Frew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2023.0105","article-title":"Biology of interleukin-17 and novel therapies for hidradenitis suppurativa","volume":"43","author":"Sabat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772829325000840?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772829325000840?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T14:22:04Z","timestamp":1754144524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772829325000840"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772829325000840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-8293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-8293","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combined TNF-\u03b1 and OX40L targeting as a new treatment option for hidradenitis suppurativa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100483","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100483"}}