{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:10:37Z","timestamp":1767874237204,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001412"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001412"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jaci-global.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:50:14Z","timestamp":1760075414000},"page":"100581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Depression in children with asthma: Testing a cholinergically mediated \u201cendotype\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather K.","family":"Lehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice L.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quratulain","family":"Humayun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weyman","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib2","series-title":"Percentage of persons with current asthma by age, United States: National Health Interview Survey, 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.11.037","article-title":"Asthma endotypes: a new approach to classification of disease entities within the asthma syndrome","volume":"127","author":"L\u00f6tvall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2190\/7U7P-EJYL-5BKG-6106","article-title":"Psychiatric diagnoses in inner city outpatients with moderate to severe asthma","volume":"30","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62206-5","article-title":"Prevalence of mood disorders and relationship to asthma severity in patients at an inner-city asthma clinic","volume":"87","author":"Nejtek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011912712262","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity and functional status in adult patients with asthma","volume":"8","author":"Afari","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib7","article-title":"The relationship between depression and asthma: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61135-0","article-title":"Impact of depressive symptoms on adult asthma outcomes","volume":"94","author":"Eisner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200112000-00008","article-title":"Self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and patients' expectations predict outcomes in asthma","volume":"39","author":"Mancuso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1989.02150230052022","article-title":"Circumstances surrounding the deaths of children due to asthma","volume":"143","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib11","first-page":"174","article-title":"Depressive symptoms in inner-city children with asthma","volume":"4","author":"Morrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000222789.34229.21","article-title":"Association of depressive symptoms and disease activity in children with asthma: methodological and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Waxmonsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197407000-00010","article-title":"Depression in infant monkeys: physiological correlates","volume":"36","author":"Reite","year":"1974","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib14","first-page":"91","article-title":"Heart rate and body temperature in separated monkey infants","volume":"13","author":"Reite","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404216","article-title":"The effect of amitriptyline on pulmonary ventilation and the mechanics of breathing","volume":"14","author":"Avni","year":"1969","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib16","first-page":"422","article-title":"Clinical experience with amitriptyline (Tryptanol) in the treatment of bronchial asthma","volume":"23","author":"Sugihara","year":"1965","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1971.tb50396.x","article-title":"Amitriptyline and asthma","volume":"2","author":"Meares","year":"1971","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198407263110404","article-title":"Muscarinic cholinergic receptors on skin fibroblasts in familial affective disorder","volume":"311","author":"Nadi","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90080-7","article-title":"Depression and asthma: a potentially lethal mixture","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib20","series-title":"Emotions and family factors in childhood asthma: psychobiologic mechanisms and pathways of effect. Adv Psychosom Med. Social and psychological factors and psychosomatic syndromes","first-page":"131","author":"Miller","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.04.038","article-title":"Depressed children with asthma evidence increased airway resistance: \"vagal bias\" as a mechanism?","volume":"124","author":"Miller","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.073429","article-title":"Pathological features and inhaled corticosteroid response of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic asthma","volume":"62","author":"Berry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01813-9","article-title":"Non-eosinophilic corticosteroid unresponsive asthma","volume":"353","author":"Pavord","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208606","article-title":"Tiotropium in asthma poorly controlled with standard combination therapy","volume":"367","author":"Kerstjens","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.36.7.530","article-title":"Site of action of ipratropium bromide and clinical and physiological determinants of response in patients with asthma","volume":"36","author":"Partridge","year":"1981","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00014108","article-title":"Tiotropium bromide is effective for severe asthma with noneosinophilic phenotype","volume":"31","author":"Iwamoto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.10.004","article-title":"Depression, asthma, and bronchodilator response in a nationwide study of US adults","volume":"4","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2014.954292","article-title":"Spirometry effects on conventional and multiple flow exhaled nitric oxide in children","volume":"52","author":"Eckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200708-1248OC","article-title":"Reference ranges for spirometry across all ages: a new approach","volume":"177","author":"Stanojevic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib30","first-page":"995","article-title":"The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI)","volume":"21","author":"Kovacs","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00917219","article-title":"Normative and reliability data for the Children's Depression Inventory","volume":"14","author":"Smucker","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib34","series-title":"Role of parasympathetic nerves and muscarinic receptors in allergy and asthma. Allergy and the Nervous System","first-page":"48","volume":"Vol 98","author":"Scott","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.009","article-title":"Stress and inflammation in exacerbations of asthma","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.02.004","article-title":"Airflow and autonomic responses to stress and relaxation in asthma: the impact of stressor type","volume":"57","author":"Aboussafy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022170028979","article-title":"Emotionally triggered asthma: a review of research literature and some hypotheses for self-regulation therapies","volume":"23","author":"Lehrer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200005000-00014","article-title":"Emotions and stress increase respiratory resistance in asthma","volume":"62","author":"Ritz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00818.2009","article-title":"Airway response to emotional stimuli in asthma: the role of the cholinergic pathway","volume":"108","author":"Ritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2015.04.011","article-title":"Non respiratory symptoms in asthma as possible predictors of exacerbations","volume":"3","author":"Liccardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2016.05.026","article-title":"Can bronchial asthma with an highly prevalent airway (and systemic) vagal tone be considered an independent asthma phenotype? Possible role of anticholinergics","volume":"117","author":"Liccardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199411000-00004","article-title":"Psychophysiologic reactivity in asthmatic children: a cholinergically mediated confluence of pathways","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199705000-00018","article-title":"Influence of specific emotional states on autonomic reactivity and pulmonary function in asthmatic children","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.03.036","article-title":"Comorbid obesity and depressive symptoms in childhood asthma: a harmful synergy","volume":"8","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772829325001821?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772829325001821?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T08:30:23Z","timestamp":1767861023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772829325001821"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S2772829325001821"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-8293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-8293","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Depression in children with asthma: Testing a cholinergically mediated \u201cendotype\u201d","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacig.2025.100581","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100581"}}