{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T19:57:13Z","timestamp":1769198233324,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lipidjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T11:28:22Z","timestamp":1638012502000},"page":"83-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Contribution of hypertriglyceridemia to ischemic cardiovascular disease in Korean women: A nationwide population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5318-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hun Jee","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SangHyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Do","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Kyong","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6489-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo Kyung","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281702","article-title":"Plasma triglyceride level and mortality from coronary heart disease","volume":"328","author":"Criqui","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.04.008","article-title":"Steering Committees of I, Trials TNT. Plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular events in the treating to new targets and incremental decrease in end-points through aggressive lipid lowering trials of statins in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"104","author":"Faergeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199604000-00014","article-title":"Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies","volume":"3","author":"Hokanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.37","article-title":"Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment","volume":"85","author":"Manninen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.038","article-title":"Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial","volume":"51","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","article-title":"Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies","volume":"115","author":"Sarwar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.028","article-title":"Fasting and non-fasting triglycerides and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study (CIRCS)","volume":"237","author":"Iso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1159\/000380941","article-title":"Serum triglyceride levels and cardiovascular disease events in Koreans","volume":"131","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.14256","article-title":"Longitudinal associations between triglycerides and metabolic syndrome components in a beijing adult population, 2007-2012","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.5.490","article-title":"Serum triglycerides and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese men and women","volume":"153","author":"Iso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000145615.33955.83","article-title":"Asia Pacific Cohort Studies C. Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"110","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2021.10.1.88","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in Korean adults Aged 30-49 years: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"10","author":"Koo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp043","article-title":"Lipid changes during the menopause transition in relation to age and weight: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation","volume":"169","author":"Derby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182160726","volume":"123","author":"Miller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.4.1421","article-title":"Lipids and lipoproteins predicting coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes","volume":"88","author":"Laakso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110650","article-title":"The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and related atherosclerotic complications in Korea: a National Health Insurance Database Study","volume":"9","author":"Koo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2486","article-title":"Treatment of high blood cholesterol in A. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III)","volume":"285","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2020.0171","article-title":"Cardiovascular Research Using the Korean National Health Information Database","volume":"50","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0019","article-title":"Data from: NHIS-TG","author":"Koo","year":"2020","journal-title":"OSF Digital Repository"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90296-6","article-title":"The triglyceride issue: a view from Framingham","volume":"112","author":"Castelli","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410190045006","article-title":"Plasma lipoprotein levels as predictors of cardiovascular death in women","volume":"153","author":"Bass","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2005.00940.x","article-title":"Triglycerides\u00a0+\u00a0high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol dyslipidaemia, a coronary risk factor in elderly women: the CArdiovascular STudy in the ELderly","volume":"35","author":"Mazza","year":"2005","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812792","article-title":"Investigators R-I. Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"380","author":"Bhatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9567","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60527-3","article-title":"Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis","volume":"369","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa674","article-title":"Lipid management in patients with endocrine disorders: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline","volume":"105","author":"Newman","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","article-title":"Treatment of high blood cholesterol in A. Third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report","volume":"106","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.226100","article-title":"Triglycerides and heart disease: still a hypothesis?","volume":"31","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.33.6.633","article-title":"A proposal linking atherogenesis to the interaction of endothelial lipoprotein lipase with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins","volume":"33","author":"Zilversmit","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"9943","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61177-6","article-title":"Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease","volume":"384","author":"Nordestgaard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700505-JLR200","article-title":"Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis releases neutral and oxidized FFAs that induce endothelial cell inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi19-0007","article-title":"Remnants of the Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"69","author":"Chait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4410","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44213","article-title":"Trib1 is a lipid- and myocardial infarction-associated gene that regulates hepatic lipogenesis and VLDL production in mice","volume":"120","author":"Burkhardt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.05.009","article-title":"Interaction between APOA5 -1131T>C and APOE polymorphisms and their association with severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"395","author":"Sousa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5908","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161524","article-title":"A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection","volume":"322","author":"Pollin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.76","article-title":"Abecasis GR. Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"40","author":"Willer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.78","article-title":"Mendelian randomization in cardiometabolic disease: challenges in evaluating causality","volume":"14","author":"Holmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.11.006","article-title":"Combined hyperlipidemia is genetically similar to isolated hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"15","author":"Gill","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003008","article-title":"Elevated remnant cholesterol causes both low-grade inflammation and ischemic heart disease, whereas elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol causes ischemic heart disease without inflammation","volume":"128","author":"Varbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026","article-title":"Remnant cholesterol as a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Varbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs431","article-title":"Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Genetically elevated non-fasting triglycerides and calculated remnant cholesterol as causal risk factors for myocardial infarction","volume":"34","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI127308","article-title":"Increased apolipoprotein C3 drives cardiovascular risk in type 1 diabetes","volume":"129","author":"Kanter","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.P090647","article-title":"Diabetes control complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions complications research G. Serum apolipoproteins and apolipoprotein-defined lipoprotein subclasses: a hypothesis-generating prospective study of cardiovascular events in T1D","volume":"60","author":"Basu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.115.002104","article-title":"Elevated triglyceride level is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease: twenty-two-year follow-up of the bezafibrate infarction prevention study and registry","volume":"9","author":"Klempfner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.015801","article-title":"Local health units group d. Association of hypertriglyceridemia with all-cause mortality and atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in a low-risk italian population: the TG-REAL retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"9","author":"Arca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0045","series-title":"Death by Cause","year":"2019"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.19.2301","article-title":"Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Study Group. Current smoking, smoking cessation, and the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"163","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00007","article-title":"Changes in triglyceride levels and risk for coronary heart disease in young men","volume":"147","author":"Tirosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287421002889?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287421002889?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1761831401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933287421002889"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933287421002889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-2874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-2874","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contribution of hypertriglyceridemia to ischemic cardiovascular disease in Korean women: A nationwide population-based study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}