{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T09:45:34Z","timestamp":1772358334270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lipidjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T02:25:10Z","timestamp":1764037510000},"page":"1273-1283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Corneal arcus and Achilles tendon thickness reflect circulating lipoprotein(a) levels in familial hypercholesterolemia: Implication for predicting future cardiovascular events"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5162-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kota","family":"Murai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6307-5593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0508-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kausik K.","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3673-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sayaka","family":"Funabashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7247-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatsune","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7271-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahito","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7600-2059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Harada-Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.14621","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"19","author":"Harada-Shiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht015","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"34","author":"Hovingh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.07.005","article-title":"The value of physical signs in identifying patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in the era of genetic testing","volume":"76","author":"Rallidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02120-1","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of Achilles tendon xanthomas in a case of familial hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"401","author":"Murai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0005","first-page":"311","article-title":"Lipid deposition in human tendon xanthoma","volume":"121","author":"Kruth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.08.060","article-title":"Corneal arcus as coronary artery disease risk factor","volume":"193","author":"Fernandez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.RV17034","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) as an old and new causal risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"26","author":"Tada","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2005.01484.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis, detection and treatment of Achilles tendon xanthomas","volume":"35","author":"Tsouli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.14.11.1792","article-title":"Binding of recombinant apolipoprotein(a) to extracellular matrix proteins","volume":"14","author":"van der Hoek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119671","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) vascular accumulation in mice. In vivo analysis of the role of lysine binding sites using recombinant adenovirus","volume":"100","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003012","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) interactions with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors in premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS)","volume":"5","author":"Afshar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.65437","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Suita study","author":"Arafa","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.05.050","article-title":"Impact of high lipoprotein(a) levels on clinical outcomes following peripheral endovascular therapy","volume":"15","author":"Tomoi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.08.030","article-title":"Relation of corneal arcus to cardiovascular disease (from the Framingham Heart Study data set)","volume":"103","author":"Fernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.64766","article-title":"Risk assessment for cardiovascular events using Achilles tendon thickness and softness and intima-Media thickness in familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"31","author":"Michikura","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.03.033","article-title":"Elevated Lipoprotein(a) as a potential residual risk factor associated with lipid-rich coronary atheroma in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on statin treatment: insights from the REASSURE-NIRS registry","volume":"349","author":"Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx004","article-title":"Impact of clinical signs and genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia on the prevalence of coronary artery disease in patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia","volume":"38","author":"Tada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2020.05.007","article-title":"The first Japanese cases of familial hypercholesterolemia due to a known pathogenic APOB gene variant, c.10580 G>A: p.(Arg3527Gln)","volume":"14","author":"Hori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(77)90199-X","article-title":"Discrimination of familial hypercholesterolemia and secondary hypercholesterolemia by Achilles' tendon thickness","volume":"28","author":"Mabuchi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.856","article-title":"Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Japan: results of the EXPLORE-J study","volume":"277","author":"Harada-Shiba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.020","article-title":"Severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and risk for cardiovascular disease: a study of a cohort of 14,000 mutation carriers","volume":"233","author":"Besseling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacasi.2021.07.004","article-title":"Substantially elevated atherosclerotic risks in Japanese severe familial hypercholesterolemia defined by the International Atherosclerosis Society","volume":"1","author":"Funabashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Asia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610227","article-title":"Everolimus-eluting stents or bypass surgery for left main coronary artery disease","volume":"375","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.1038","article-title":"Fourth Universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018)","volume":"72","author":"Thygesen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4671","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab433","article-title":"Thin-cap fibroatheroma predicts clinical events in diabetic patients with normal fractional flow reserve: the COMBINE OCT-FFR trial","volume":"42","author":"Kedhi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac361","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement","volume":"43","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp538","article-title":"The risk of tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolaemia is influenced by variation in genes of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and the low-density lipoprotein oxidation pathway","volume":"31","author":"Oosterveer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-17-0041","article-title":"Achilles tendon ultrasonography for diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia among Japanese subjects","volume":"81","author":"Michikura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.9.5.579","article-title":"Detection and quantification of lipoprotein(a) in the arterial wall of 107 coronary bypass patients","volume":"9","author":"Rath","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42092-9","article-title":"Quantification of apo [a] and apoB in human atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"32","author":"Pepin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.316206","article-title":"Atherogenic lipoprotein(a) increases vascular glycolysis, thereby facilitating inflammation and leukocyte extravasation","volume":"126","author":"Schnitzler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306256","article-title":"Macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Tabas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.031","article-title":"Genetic mutations, regression of Achilles tendon thickness, and cardiovascular events among patients with familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"340","author":"Tada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.031255","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) testing trends in a large academic health system in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Bhatia","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002060","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels in a global population with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Nissen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.01.063","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) levels in familial hypercholesterolemia: an important predictor of cardiovascular disease independent of the type of LDL receptor mutation","volume":"63","author":"Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4245","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa649","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a) lowering by alirocumab reduces the total burden of cardiovascular events independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering: ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial","volume":"41","author":"Szarek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2023.2197593","article-title":"Lipoprotein(a): cardiovascular risk and emerging therapies","volume":"21","author":"Fujino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.01.033","article-title":"Achilles tendon softness as a new tool for diagnosing familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"14","author":"Michikura","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.CR005","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of adult familial hypercholesterolemia 2022","volume":"30","author":"Harada-Shiba","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.043","article-title":"Risk of premature atherosclerotic disease in patients with monogenic versus polygenic familial hypercholesterolemia","volume":"74","author":"Trinder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287425003502?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287425003502?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T02:25:18Z","timestamp":1764037518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933287425003502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933287425003502"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-2874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-2874","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Corneal arcus and Achilles tendon thickness reflect circulating lipoprotein(a) levels in familial hypercholesterolemia: Implication for predicting future cardiovascular events","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2025.07.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}