{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:39:39Z","timestamp":1793176779713,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","lipidjournal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T06:45:15Z","timestamp":1785912315000},"page":"2191-2203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating long and very long-chain saturated fatty acids and heart failure: Results from a large US cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Azra","family":"Ramezankhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parto","family":"Hadaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnaz","family":"Abiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0352-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Hadaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2021.01.022","volume":"27","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib2","first-page":"717","article-title":"Global epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Khan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2023.05","article-title":"Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Shahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2021.09.049","article-title":"Saturated fats and cardiovascular health: current evidence and controversies","volume":"15","author":"Maki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib5","article-title":"Saturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of cardiometabolic diseases: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799211026980","article-title":"Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020\u20132025","volume":"69","author":"Phillips","year":"2021","journal-title":"Workplace Health Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010030","article-title":"Saturated fatty acid chain length and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Perna","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11182863","article-title":"Health benefits and side effects of short-chain fatty acids","volume":"11","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy167","article-title":"Differential effects of medium- and long-chain saturated fatty acids on blood lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Panth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.7762\/cnr.2015.4.3.182","article-title":"Dietary very long chain saturated fatty acids and metabolic factors: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz005","article-title":"Associations of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"109","author":"Fretts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092709","article-title":"Circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids were inversely associated with cardiovascular health: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.077","article-title":"Saturated fats and health: a reassessment and proposal for food-based recommendations: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"76","author":"Astrup","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae315","article-title":"Association of circulating fatty acids with cardiovascular disease risk: analysis of individual-level data in three large prospective cohorts and updated meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000889","article-title":"Plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and incident atrial fibrillation: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"3","author":"Fretts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjnut.2024.08.005","article-title":"Erythrocyte very long-chain saturated fatty acids, gut microbiota-bile acid axis, and incident coronary artery disease in adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"154","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014911","article-title":"Circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident coronary heart disease in US men and women","volume":"132","author":"Malik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.06.017","article-title":"Investigators AS. Plasma fatty acid composition and incident heart failure in middle-aged adults: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study","volume":"156","author":"Yamagishi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.02.006","article-title":"Plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and heart failure risk in the Physicians' health study","volume":"32","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010019","article-title":"Circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids and heart failure: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"7","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","article-title":"Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: objectives and design","volume":"156","author":"Bild","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045468","article-title":"trans-Palmitoleic acid, other dairy fat biomarkers, and incident diabetes: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"97","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.072322","article-title":"Incorporation and clearance of omega-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and plasma phospholipids","volume":"52","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009599","article-title":"Body mass index from early-, mid-, and older-adulthood and risk of heart failure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: MESA","volume":"7","author":"Fliotsos","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005180","article-title":"Life's simple 7 and incident heart failure: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Ogunmoroti","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592","volume":"18","author":"Ponikowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1089\/152460999319129","article-title":"Moderate physical activity patterns of minority women: the cross-cultural activity participation study","volume":"8","author":"Ainsworth","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014119","article-title":"Serial biomarkers of de novo lipogenesis fatty acids and incident heart failure in older adults: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13092965","article-title":"PUFA supplementation and heart failure: effects on fibrosis and cardiac remodeling","volume":"13","author":"Oppedisano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib31","article-title":"Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"351","author":"De Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib32","article-title":"Intake of individual saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in US men and women: two prospective longitudinal cohort studies","volume":"355","author":"Zong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-018-0231-1","article-title":"A systematic review of methods to assess intake of saturated fat (SF) among healthy European adults and children: a DEDIPAC (determinants of diet and physical activity) study","volume":"4","author":"Riordan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-1788","article-title":"Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"160","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2014.07.010","article-title":"Erythrocyte very long-chain saturated fatty acids associated with lower risk of incident sudden cardiac arrest","volume":"91","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000806","article-title":"Very long-chain saturated fatty acids and diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"33","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15081917","article-title":"Serum saturated fatty acids including very long-chain saturated fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk among Chinese population","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2023.09.011","article-title":"Advances in understanding palmitic acid metabolism and health risks","volume":"17","author":"Guyton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25021211","article-title":"Metabolic flexibility of the heart: the role of fatty acid metabolism in health, heart failure, and cardiometabolic diseases","volume":"25","author":"Actis Dato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2020.9.3.380","article-title":"Ceramide\/sphingomyelin rheostat regulated by sphingomyelin synthases and chronic diseases in murine models","volume":"9","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Lipid Atheroscler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1154447","article-title":"Circulating sphingolipids in heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Kovilakath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005708","article-title":"Plasma ceramides and sphingomyelins in relation to heart failure risk: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"12","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12070947","article-title":"The overlooked transformation mechanisms of VLCFAs: peroxisomal \u03b2-oxidation","volume":"12","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.12.012","article-title":"Stearic acid metabolism in human health and disease","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-005-1486-x","article-title":"Effects of stearic acid on plasma lipid and lipoproteins in humans","volume":"40","author":"Mensink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-3-2","article-title":"Chocolate and prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Lipidology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287426004678?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1933287426004678?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:27:12Z","timestamp":1793176032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1933287426004678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1933287426004678"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-2874"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-2874","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Circulating long and very long-chain saturated fatty acids and heart failure: Results from a large US cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Clinical Lipidology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2026.07.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 National Lipid Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}