{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T19:23:35Z","timestamp":1790969015414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005625","name":"RSNA Research and Education Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSD2302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSD2302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","jacr.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T15:26:53Z","timestamp":1747841213000},"page":"S396-S404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"S","title":["ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Staging and Follow-up of Anal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Natally","family":"Horvat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter S.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Birkholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooks D.","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bari","family":"Dane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Eng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avinash R.","family":"Kambadakone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena K.","family":"Korngold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Pietryga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Refaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia S.","family":"Santillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devaki Shilpa","family":"Surasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Woolsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2016150209","article-title":"Tumors and tumorlike conditions of the anal canal and perianal region: MR imaging findings","volume":"36","author":"Surabhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21763","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2023","volume":"73","author":"Siegel","year":"2023","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2016.07.002","article-title":"Diagnosis and diagnostic imaging of anal canal cancer","volume":"26","author":"Ciombor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_237433","article-title":"The management and prevention of anal squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"39","author":"Eng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3726","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02020-4","article-title":"MR staging of anal cancer: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"44","author":"Golia Pernicka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.06.007","article-title":"Radiology of anal and lower rectal cancers","volume":"76","author":"Hemachandran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-013-0032-6","article-title":"MRI of anal cancer: assessing response to definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"39","author":"Gourtsoyianni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib8","author":"Amin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2013.07.007","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of rectal and anal cancer","volume":"22","author":"Torkzad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2019.09.005","article-title":"Staging of anal cancer: role of MR imaging","volume":"28","author":"Maas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.05.050","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography\/computed tomography for staging and radiotherapy planning in patients with anal cancer","volume":"81","author":"Bannas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.10.048","article-title":"Role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in the management of anal cancer","volume":"84","author":"Mistrangelo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3574","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-015-4391-9","article-title":"The role of FDG-PET in the initial staging and response assessment of anal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Jones","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170370","article-title":"PET imaging in anal canal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"90","author":"Mahmud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.03.013","article-title":"Positron emission tomography and computed tomographic (PET\/CT) imaging for radiation therapy planning in anal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Albertsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/196068","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography\/computed tomography using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in detecting locoregional nodal involvement in patients with anal canal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2014","author":"Caldarella","year":"2014","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06393-z","article-title":"[(18)F]-FDG PET in anal canal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Mirshahvalad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0870-2","article-title":"Staging anal cancer: prospective comparison of transanal endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"13","author":"Otto","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-023-03863-8","article-title":"Imaging of anal squamous cell carcinoma: survey results and expert opinion from the Rectal and Anal Cancer Disease-Focused Panel of the Society of Abdominal Radiology","volume":"48","author":"Golia Pernicka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib20","first-page":"2078","article-title":"To PET or not to PET? That is the question","volume":"23","author":"Bhuva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Staging in anal cancer. Ann Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.06.012","article-title":"Gross tumour volume delineation in anal cancer on T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI\u2014reproducibility between radiologists and radiation oncologists and impact of reader experience level and DWI image quality","volume":"150","author":"Min","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5133-0","article-title":"The impact of MRI sequence on tumour staging and gross tumour volume delineation in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal","volume":"28","author":"Prezzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-017-0883-z","article-title":"Target volume delineation of anal cancer based on magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography","volume":"12","author":"Rusten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22980","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14946","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging and 3D endoanal ultrasound in detection, staging and assessment post treatment, in anal cancer","volume":"8","author":"Reginelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2015.218","article-title":"Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus: progress in radiotherapy treatment","volume":"13","author":"Glynne-Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.10.030","article-title":"PET\/CT in anal cancer\u2014is it worth doing?","volume":"67","author":"Wells","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.09.005","article-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae liver lesion-initial characterization","volume":"17","author":"Chernyak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246535","article-title":"Use of advanced PET-volume metrics predicts risk of local recurrence and overall survival in anal cancer","volume":"16","author":"Susko","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5086","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08648-z","article-title":"Combined PET-CT and MRI for response evaluation in patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma treated with curative-intent chemoradiotherapy","volume":"32","author":"Adusumilli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-016-4337-z","article-title":"The assessment of local response using magnetic resonance imaging at 3- and 6-month post chemoradiotherapy in patients with anal cancer","volume":"27","author":"Kochhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09942-0","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging complements T2-weighted MRI for tumour response assessment in squamous anal carcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Prezzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000291","article-title":"Does endoscopic ultrasound improve detection of locally recurrent anal squamous-cell cancer?","volume":"58","author":"Peterson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib33","series-title":"Measuring sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation","article-title":"Measuring sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018_bib34","series-title":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Radiation Dose Assessment Introduction","article-title":"American College of Radiology","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144025001243?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144025001243?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T17:30:03Z","timestamp":1747848603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1546144025001243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1546144025001243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-1440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-1440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Staging and Follow-up of Anal Cancer","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.02.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American College of Radiology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}