{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:04:47Z","timestamp":1773119087002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"National Cancer Institute Division of Cancer Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRP-22-080-01-CTPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRP-22-080-01-CTPS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacr.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T05:18:58Z","timestamp":1764566338000},"page":"1465-1472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sociodemographic and Health Care Factors Associated With Enrollment in a Randomized Clinical Trial Integrating Tobacco Cessation Into Lung Cancer Screening"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1398-0426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efr\u00e9n J.","family":"Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-7365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caylin","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1093-3755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuchiao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5762-379X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Porneala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline Contrera","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Wint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth C.","family":"Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan M.","family":"Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4570-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sydney E.","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9446-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Rigotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6319-264X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elyse R.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033250","article-title":"Ethnic and racial differences in the smoking-related risk of lung cancer","volume":"354","author":"Haiman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djab002","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in the lung cancer screening setting: a simulation study","volume":"113","author":"Cadham","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.09.011","article-title":"Impact of joint lung cancer screening and cessation interventions under the new recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"17","author":"Meza","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib4","first-page":"42","article-title":"Inclusion of women and minorities as participants in research involving human subjects","volume":"492","year":"2021","journal-title":"Public Health Service Act Sec B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; National Cancer Policy Forum; Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation. Toward a Framework to Improve Diversity and Inclusion in Clinical Trials: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington (DC): National Academies Press; March 19, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/28587","DOI":"10.17226\/28587"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33322","article-title":"Lung cancer screening eligibility and use with low-dose computed tomography: results from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System cross-sectional survey","volume":"127","author":"Narayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice; Board on Health Care Services; Committee on the Use of Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research. Rethinking Race and Ethnicity in Biomedical Research. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2025. 270\u202fpp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27913","DOI":"10.17226\/27913"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.08.024","article-title":"County health rankings: relationships between determinant factors and health outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Hood","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204691","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer screening eligibility","volume":"301","author":"Narayan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.8399","article-title":"Integrating Tobacco Treatment Into Lung Cancer Screening: The Screen Assist Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"185","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib12","article-title":"Leveraging the clinical timepoints in lung cancer screening to engage individuals in tobacco treatment","volume":"6","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1117","article-title":"Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"325","author":"Krist","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib14","article-title":"Integrating tobacco treatment into lung cancer screening practices: study protocol for the Screen ASSIST randomized clinical trial","volume":"111","author":"Neil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Cin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2771","article-title":"Screening for Lung Cancer:US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement","volume":"160","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1802313","article-title":"Making neighborhood-disadvantage metrics accessible\u2014The Neighborhood Atlas","volume":"378","author":"Kind","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib18","article-title":"The Area Deprivation Index: a novel tool for harmonizable risk assessment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease research","volume":"6","author":"Zuelsdorff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1177\/0969141321999426","article-title":"Google search volume trends for cancer screening terms during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Snyder","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Screen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030019","article-title":"Are racial and ethnic minorities less willing to participate in health research?","volume":"3","author":"Wendler","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/107327481602300404","article-title":"Barriers to clinical trial enrollment in racial and ethnic minority patients with cancer","volume":"23","author":"Hamel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acr.2020.01.008","article-title":"Patient barriers to cancer clinical trial participation and navigator activities to assist","volume":"146","author":"Cartmell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2018.11.002","article-title":"Increasing diversity in clinical trials: overcoming critical barriers","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-0448-3","article-title":"Physician workforce in the United States of America: forecasting nationwide shortages","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-023-00842-4","article-title":"The layered crisis of the primary care medical workforce in the European region: what evidence do we need to identify causes and solutions?","volume":"21","author":"Russo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/cts.2019.435","article-title":"Primary care perspectives on implementation of clinical trial recruitment","volume":"4","author":"Taft","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.12.020","article-title":"Impact of primary care physician interaction on longitudinal adherence to screening mammography across different racial\/ethnic groups","volume":"16","author":"Flores","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2019.12.008","article-title":"Screening mammography visits as opportunities to engage smokers with tobacco cessation services and lung cancer screening","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib30","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer incidence: how much is explained by differences in smoking patterns? (United States)","volume":"17","author":"Pinsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-009-0060-5","article-title":"Smoking and health disparities","volume":"3","author":"Vidrine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0107","article-title":"Public knowledge and information sources for clinical trials among adults in the USA: evidence from a Health Information National Trends Survey in 2020","volume":"22","author":"Yadav","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allison K, Patel D, Kaur R. Assessing Multiple Factors Affecting Minority Participation in Clinical Trials: Development of the Clinical Trials Participation Barriers Survey. Cureus. 2022 Apr 23;14(4):e24424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.24424. PMID: 35637812; PMCID: PMC9127181.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.24424"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib34","article-title":"Association of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status with outcomes of a smoking cessation intervention provided in the lung cancer screening setting","author":"Avila","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.13749","article-title":"Analysis of female enrollment and participant sex by burden of disease in US clinical trials between 2000 and 2020","volume":"4","author":"Steinberg","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106315","article-title":"Clinical trial participation assessed by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status","volume":"103","author":"Saphner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2023.0038","article-title":"Understanding factors associated with uptake of lung cancer screening among individuals at high risk","volume":"34","author":"Gudina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144025004132?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144025004132?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1773075188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1546144025004132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1546144025004132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-1440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-1440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sociodemographic and Health Care Factors Associated With Enrollment in a Randomized Clinical Trial Integrating Tobacco Cessation Into Lung Cancer Screening","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2025.07.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}