{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:20:06Z","timestamp":1787728806488,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jacr.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T20:48:40Z","timestamp":1780001320000},"page":"1533-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medical 3-D Printing Within a Health Care Facility"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank J.","family":"Rybicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7317-8972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa M.","family":"Arribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Atala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-3364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid L.","family":"Chepelev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9256-5708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Summer J.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4367-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4325-1446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest D.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani K.","family":"Najm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"No\u00ebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-8551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Zablah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00243-w","article-title":"Stratifying complexity among the widespread use of 3D printing in United States health care facilities","volume":"10","author":"Ford","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Printing in Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib2","author":"Sandberg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2024.07.019","article-title":"Demographics, utilization, workflow, and outcomes based on observational data from the RSNA-ACR 3D Printing Registry","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib4","series-title":"3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: a practical guide for medical professionals","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to the second edition","author":"Rybicki","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-019-0054-y","article-title":"Creating patient-specific anatomical models for 3D printing and AR\/VR: a supplement for the 2018 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) hands-on course","volume":"5","author":"Wake","year":"2019","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-017-0022-3","article-title":"Preoperative planning and tracheal stent design in thoracic surgery: a primer for the 2017 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) hands-on course in 3D printing","volume":"3","author":"Chepelev","year":"2017","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0008-6","article-title":"Medical 3D printing for vascular interventions and surgical oncology: a primer for the 2016 radiological society of North America (RSNA) hands-on course in 3D printing","volume":"2","author":"Chepelev","year":"2015","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-015-0002-4","article-title":"3D printed ventricular septal defect patch: a primer for the 2015 Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) hands-on course in 3D printing","volume":"1","author":"Giannopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.230177","article-title":"Proper registration of image sets to ensure quality of 3D printed anatomic models","volume":"43","author":"Ravi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00132-0","article-title":"The impact of regulation, reimbursement, and research on the value of 3D printing and other 3D procedures in medicine","volume":"8","author":"Rybicki","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00175-x","article-title":"Navigating the intersection of 3D printing, software regulation and quality control for point-of-care manufacturing of personalized anatomical models","volume":"9","author":"Paxton","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00194-8","article-title":"Correction: Navigating the intersection of 3D printing, software regulation and quality control for point-of-care manufacturing of personalized anatomical models","volume":"9","author":"Paxton","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-020-00078-1","article-title":"Clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: adult cardiac conditions","volume":"6","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00192-w","article-title":"Clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: neurosurgical and otolaryngologic conditions","volume":"9","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00171-1","article-title":"Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG) clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: breast conditions","volume":"9","author":"Arribas","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-020-00065-6","volume":"6","author":"Ballard","year":"2020","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-018-0030-y","article-title":"Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG): guidelines for medical 3D printing and appropriateness for clinical scenarios","volume":"4","author":"Chepelev","year":"2018","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00199-3","article-title":"Clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: pediatric congenital heart disease conditions","volume":"10","author":"Ryan","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30212-5","article-title":"Medical 3D printing and the physician-artist","volume":"391","author":"Rybicki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib21","series-title":"3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: a practical guide for medical professionals","author":"Rybicki","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-092220-015404","article-title":"Medical 3D printing: tools and techniques, today and tomorrow","volume":"13","author":"Willson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26420","article-title":"Acceptability of 3D-printed breast models and their impact on the decisional conflict of breast cancer patients: a feasibility study","volume":"123","author":"Santiago","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-022-01441-6","article-title":"The use of individualized 3D-printed models on trainee and patient education, and surgical planning for robotic partial nephrectomies","volume":"17","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib25","first-page":"24","article-title":"An interview with Dr. Rybicki: implementation of integrated clinical 3D printing labs in hospitals","volume":"14","author":"Shetty","year":"2023","journal-title":"UBC Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1718","article-title":"Take away body parts! An investigation into the use of 3D-printed anatomical models in undergraduate anatomy education","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/34687","article-title":"The opportunities and challenges of digital anatomy for medical sciences: narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Wickramasinghe","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14227-8_1","article-title":"Interactive 3D digital models for anatomy and medical education","volume":"1138","author":"Erolin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjstel-2017-000234","article-title":"3D printing materials and their use in medical education: a review of current technology and trends for the future","volume":"4","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00202-5","article-title":"Clinical application of a three-dimensional-printed model in the treatment of intracranial and extracranial communicating tumors: a pilot study","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa183","article-title":"The manufacturing of 3D printed models for the neurotraumatological education of military surgeons","volume":"185","author":"Duda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v16i4.9751","article-title":"3D printed models for teaching orbital anatomy, anomalies and fractures","volume":"16","author":"Vatankhah","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JTEHM.2021.3099971","article-title":"3D-printed ophthalmic-retrobulbar-anesthesia simulator: mimicking anatomical structures and providing tactile sensations","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib34","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Validation of a novel strabismus surgery 3D-printed silicone eye model for simulation training","volume":"243","author":"Jagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000685","article-title":"Novel open-source 3D-printed eye mount (TEMPO) for the ophthalmology wet lab","volume":"6","author":"Mak","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e179","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13852","article-title":"Artificial chamber and 3D printed iris: a new wet lab model for teaching Descemet\u2019s membrane endothelial keratoplasty","volume":"97","author":"Famery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00218-x","article-title":"Developing a production workflow for 3D-printed temporal bone surgical simulators","volume":"10","author":"Ang","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00174-y","article-title":"3D-printing a cost-effective model for mastoidectomy training","volume":"9","author":"Frithioff","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215119002585","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing as a tool in otolaryngology training: a systematic review","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29757","article-title":"To pack a nose: high-fidelity epistaxis simulation using 3D printing technology","volume":"132","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"How we do it: anterior and posterior nosebleed trainer, the 3D printing epistaxis project","volume":"25","author":"Chiesa Estomba","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00230-1","article-title":"Effectiveness of a new 3D printed simulator for mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in enhancing the confidence and procedural skills of the operator","volume":"10","author":"Babu","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00222-1","article-title":"Desktop 3D printed anatomic models for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass","volume":"10","author":"Ravi","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00241-y","article-title":"An anthropomorphic phantom for atrial transseptal puncture simulation training","volume":"10","author":"Zeidan","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.21470\/1678-9741-2020-0433","article-title":"3D rapid prototyping heart model validation for teaching and training\u2014a pilot project in a teaching institution","volume":"36","author":"Krishnasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03242-9","article-title":"The impact of 3D printed models on spatial orientation in echocardiography teaching","volume":"22","author":"Salewski","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0004-x","article-title":"3D printing in medicine of congenital heart diseases","volume":"2","author":"Yoo","year":"2015","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.268","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing in congenital heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Lau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00234-x","article-title":"Development and evaluation of 3D-printed tumor palpation models for surgical training and patient education","volume":"10","author":"Katori","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00229-8","article-title":"Evaluating the value of individualized 3D printed models for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning of cervical cancer","volume":"10","author":"Scherer-Quenzer","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00169-9","article-title":"Individualized medicine using 3D printing technology in gynecology: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Cooke","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00139-7","article-title":"A 3D printed model of the female pelvis for practical education of gynecological pelvic examination","volume":"8","author":"Kiesel","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib53","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of a hemorrhagic cervical cancer model for postgraduate gynecological training","volume":"9","author":"Bartellas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00181-z","article-title":"Hybrid modeling techniques for 3D printed deep inferior epigastric perforator flap models","volume":"9","author":"Jacobson","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00200-z","article-title":"3D printing for an anterolateral thigh phalloplasty","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2017.07.023","article-title":"Evaluating the use of cleft lip and palate 3D-printed models as a teaching aid","volume":"75","author":"AlAli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000006567","article-title":"Modeling medical education: the impact of three-dimensional printed models on medical student education in plastic surgery","volume":"31","author":"Lane","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00184-w","article-title":"Use of patient-specific guides and 3D model in scapula osteotomy for symptomatic malunion","volume":"9","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1847","article-title":"The effects of a functional three-dimensional (3D) printed knee joint simulator in improving anatomical spatial knowledge","volume":"12","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-018-0469-3","article-title":"A composite 3D printed model of the midcarpal joint","volume":"94","author":"Kanagasuntheram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2017160129","article-title":"Creating three-dimensional printed models of acetabular fractures for use as educational tools","volume":"37","author":"Manganaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib62","article-title":"A three-dimensional printed low-cost anterior shoulder dislocation model for ultrasound-guided injection training","volume":"10","author":"Risler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opz161","article-title":"A 3D-printed simulator and teaching module for placing S2-alar-iliac screws","volume":"18","author":"Bow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-024-00226-x","article-title":"Planning for complex inferior vena cava filter retrievals: the implementation and effectiveness of 3D printed models","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-023-00176-w","article-title":"Utilizing 3D printing to assist pre-procedure planning of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedures: a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-022-02582-9","article-title":"Development and evaluation of an original phantom model of ultrasonography-guided thyroid gland biopsy for the training of surgical residents and students","volume":"53","author":"Baba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1538","article-title":"Fabrication and assessment of 3D printed anatomical models of the lower limb for anatomical teaching and femoral vessel access training in medicine","volume":"9","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib68","article-title":"The use of 3D printed vasculature for simulation-based medical education within interventional radiology","volume":"11","author":"Goudie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15407","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing of patient-specific lung phantoms for CT imaging: emulating lung tissue with accurate attenuation profiles and textures","volume":"49","author":"Mei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib70","series-title":"3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: a practical guide for medical professionals","first-page":"127","article-title":"3D printing in oral and maxillofacial surgery","author":"Farrell","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib71","series-title":"3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: a practical guide for medical professionals","first-page":"155","article-title":"Case examples of advanced 3D printing in hospitals and medical centers","author":"Gupta","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N0549","article-title":"Mandibular reconstruction using a new design for a patient-specific plate to support a fibular free flap and avoid double-barrel technique","volume":"41","author":"Tarsitano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib73","first-page":"47","article-title":"Reconstruction of the anterior floor of the mouth using a peroneal perforator free flap. A case report","volume":"30","author":"Baj","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198907000-00014","article-title":"Fibula free flap: a new method of mandible reconstruction","volume":"84","author":"Hidalgo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2018.03.013","article-title":"Multi-modality 3D mandibular resection planning in head and neck cancer using CT and MRI data fusion: a clinical series","volume":"81","author":"Kraeima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e3181b0db5c","article-title":"Techniques on modeling the vascularized free fibula flap in mandibular reconstruction","volume":"20","author":"Moro","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib77","article-title":"Simplifying bony midface reconstruction with patient-specific titanium plates","volume":"9","author":"Palines","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib78","first-page":"405","article-title":"Step-by-step mandibular reconstruction with free fibula flap modelling","volume":"32","author":"Pellini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/dmfr\/4600471","article-title":"The role of computed tomography in the preoperative assessment and follow-up of oromandibular reconstruction with microvascular osteomyocutaneous free flaps","volume":"28","author":"Preda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib80","article-title":"Construction and accuracy assessment of patient-specific biocompatible drill template for cervical anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) insertion: an in vitro study","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3908-z","article-title":"Additive-manufactured patient-specific titanium templates for thoracic pedicle screw placement: novel design with reduced contact area","volume":"25","author":"Takemoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib82","article-title":"Three-dimensional printed model-assisted screw installation in treating posterior atlantoaxial internal fixation","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2022.07.001","article-title":"Utility and costs during the initial year of 3D printing in an academic hospital","volume":"20","author":"Ravi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E21","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020190217","article-title":"RadioGraphics update: medical 3D printing for the radiologist","volume":"40","author":"Mitsouras","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.08.011","article-title":"Medical 3D printing cost-savings in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery: cost analysis of operating room time saved with 3D printed anatomic models and surgical guides","volume":"27","author":"Ballard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-016-0005-9","article-title":"Additively manufactured medical products\u2014the FDA perspective","volume":"2","author":"Di Prima","year":"2016","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib89","author":"Fleishon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41205-022-00134-y","article-title":"Interpretation of regulatory factors for 3D printing at hospitals and medical centers, or at the point of care","volume":"8","author":"Beitler","year":"2022","journal-title":"3D Print Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib91","series-title":"3D printing at hospitals and medical centers: a practical guide for medical professionals","article-title":"FDA regulatory pathways and technical considerations for the 3D printing of medical models and devices","author":"Coburn","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib92","author":"Muller"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib93","author":"Nissan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014_bib95","author":"Tippmann"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American College of Radiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144026001663?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1546144026001663?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:24:40Z","timestamp":1787725480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1546144026001663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1546144026001663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-1440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-1440","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Medical 3-D Printing Within a Health Care Facility","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the American College of Radiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2026.03.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American College of Radiology","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}