{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:47:17Z","timestamp":1791424037565,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,30]],"date-time":"2003-12-30T07:00:24Z","timestamp":1072767624000},"page":"181-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":211,"title":["Cyclothymic temperament as a prospective predictor of bipolarity and suicidality in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"F.J.","family":"Kochman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.G.","family":"Hantouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Lancrenon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bayart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.S.","family":"Akiskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB43","first-page":"375","article-title":"Dysthymic disorder and its treatment","author":"Akiskal","year":"1993","journal-title":"Enc\u00e9phale Spec. No. 2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199506000-00016","article-title":"Developmental pathways to bipolarity: are juvenile-onset depressions pre-bipolar?","volume":"34","author":"Akiskal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4s","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199604001-00002","article-title":"The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV","volume":"16","author":"Akiskal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB3","series-title":"Bipolar Disorder","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification, diagnosis and boundaries of bipolar disorders","author":"Akiskal","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB4","series-title":"Interpersonal Factors in the Origin and Course of Affective Disorders","first-page":"3","article-title":"The temperamental foundations of mood disorders","author":"Akiskal","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB44","first-page":"68","article-title":"Criteria for the \u201cSoft\u201d bipolar spectrum: treatment implications","volume":"23","author":"Akiskal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70093-9","article-title":"The evolving bipolar spectrum. Prototypes I, II, III, and IV","volume":"22","author":"Akiskal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.134.11.1227","article-title":"Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group","volume":"134","author":"Akiskal","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1979.01780060025002","article-title":"Differentiation of primary affective illness from situational, symptomatic, and secondary depressions","volume":"36","author":"Akiskal","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790330076009","article-title":"Affective disorders in the referred children and younger siblings of manic-depressives: mode of onset and prospective course","volume":"42","author":"Akiskal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950140032004","article-title":"Switching from \u201cunipolar\u201d to bipolar II: an 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients","volume":"52","author":"Akiskal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5s","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00203-2","article-title":"Re-evaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders","volume":"59","author":"Akiskal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.12.009","article-title":"Validating affective temperaments in their subaffective and socially positive attributes: psychometric, clinical and familial data from a French national study","volume":"85","author":"Akiskal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.12.001","article-title":"TEMPS-A: progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire","volume":"85","author":"Akiskal","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00911-2","article-title":"Pediatric mania: a developmental subtype of bipolar disorder","volume":"48","author":"Biederman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199611000-00011","article-title":"Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I","volume":"35","author":"Birmaher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02353226","article-title":"Comorbid disorders in hospitalized bipolar adolescents compared with unipolar depressed adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Borchardt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8209250","article-title":"Genes, environment and personality","volume":"264","author":"Bouchard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800300079011","article-title":"Risk factors for adolescent suicide: a comparison of adolescent suicide victims with suicidal inpatients","volume":"45","author":"Brent","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199405000-00002","article-title":"The confusion between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in youth: where does it stand in the 1990s?","volume":"33","author":"Carlson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790300064008","article-title":"The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by structured interview","volume":"42","author":"Chambers","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.818","article-title":"Divalproex treatment for youth with explosive temper and mood lability: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design","volume":"157","author":"Donovan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1213","article-title":"A prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents responsive and nonresponsive to lithium treatment","volume":"63","author":"Duffy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.5.543","article-title":"Use of a structured diagnostic interview to identify bipolar disorder in adolescent inpatients: frequency and manifestation of the disorder","volume":"140","author":"Gammon","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199709000-00008","article-title":"Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: a review of the past 10 years","volume":"36","author":"Geller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00023-G","article-title":"Complex and rapid-cycling in bipolar children and adolescents: a preliminary study","volume":"34","author":"Geller","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB23","first-page":"27","article-title":"Outils d'\u00e9valuation clinique des temp\u00e9raments affectifs","volume":"23","author":"Hantouche","year":"1997","journal-title":"Enc\u00e9phale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00112-8","article-title":"Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar-II disorder: data in mid-stream from a French national multi-site study (EPIDEP)","volume":"50","author":"Hantouche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB25","unstructured":"Hantouche, E.G., Kochman, F.J., Akiskal, H.S., 2001. Evaluation des temp\u00e9raments affectifs: version compl\u00e8te de l'auto-\u00e9valuation. Enc\u00e9phale Spec 27 (No. 3), 24\u201330."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB27","first-page":"273","article-title":"Is bipolar disorder the most common diagnostic entity in hospitalised adolescents and children?","volume":"30","author":"Isaac","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700003147","article-title":"Age of onset in bipolar affective disorder and misdiagnosis as schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Joyce","year":"1984","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB29","unstructured":"Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, A., Ryan, N., 1996. Kiddie-SADS-PL, Version 1.0."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","article-title":"Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data","volume":"36","author":"Kaufman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB31","series-title":"Bipolar Disorders","article-title":"Hidden bipolarity in early-onset versus juvenile OCD. Fourth International Conference on Bipolar Disorder, Pittsburgh 14\u201316 June 2001","author":"Kochman","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB32","series-title":"Actualit\u00e9s en Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et l'Adolescent","first-page":"282","article-title":"Les troubles bipolaires chez l'adolescent","author":"Kochman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0222-9617(02)00081-8","article-title":"Trouble obsessionnel compulsif et bipolarit\u00e9 att\u00e9nu\u00e9e chez l'enfant et l'adolescent: r\u00e9sultats de l'enqu\u00eate \u201cABC-TOC\u201d","volume":"50","author":"Kochman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Enfance Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB34","first-page":"305","article-title":"Rating scales to assess depression in school-aged children","volume":"46","author":"Kovacs","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Paedopsychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199506000-00011","article-title":"Bipolar disorder and comorbid conduct disorder in childhood and adolescence","volume":"34","author":"Kovacs","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB36","series-title":"Manic-Depressive Insanity and Paranoia","author":"Kraepelin","year":"1921"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90104-X","article-title":"The national depressive and manic-depressive association (NDMDA) survey of bipolar members","volume":"31","author":"Lish","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB38","first-page":"5","article-title":"Impairments of neuroplasticity and cellular resilience in severe mood disorders: implications for the development of novel therapeutics","volume":"35","author":"Manji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010","article-title":"A children's global assessment scale (CGAS)","volume":"40","author":"Schaffer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(86)90022-4","article-title":"Mania in prepubertal children: has it been underdiagnosed?","volume":"11","author":"Weller","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.1.35","article-title":"The Overt Aggression Scale for the objective rating of verbal and physical aggression","volume":"143","author":"Yudofsky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032703002544?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032703002544?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T16:59:24Z","timestamp":1550249964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032703002544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032703002544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2003.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]}}}