{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:07:36Z","timestamp":1790626056597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,3]],"date-time":"2004-12-03T12:42:09Z","timestamp":1102077729000},"page":"179-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High rate of unrecognized bipolar mixed states among destitute Hispanic adolescents referred for \u201cmajor depressive disorder\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Dilsaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagop S.","family":"Akiskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199604001-00002","article-title":"The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV","volume":"16","author":"Akiskal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00330-0","article-title":"Family history validation of the bipolar nature of depressive mixed states","volume":"73","author":"Akiskal","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib3","first-page":"41","article-title":"Delineating depressive mixed states. Their therapeutic significance","volume":"2","author":"Akiskal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Approaches Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70093-9","article-title":"The evolving bipolar spectrum: phenotypes I, II, III and IV","volume":"22","author":"Akiskal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(83)90004-6","article-title":"Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors","volume":"5","author":"Akiskal","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790330076009","article-title":"Affective disorders in referred children and younger siblings of manic-depressives. Mode of onset and prospective course","volume":"42","author":"Akiskal","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00203-2","article-title":"Revaluating the prevalence of and diagnostic composition within the broad clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders","volume":"59","author":"Akiskal","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib8","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association","author":"American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib9","first-page":"101","article-title":"Misdiagnosis of black patients with manic depressive illness: second in a series","volume":"73","author":"Bell","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00444-X","article-title":"Delineating bipolar II mixed states in the Ravenna\u2013San Diego collaborative study: the relative prevalence and diagnostic significance of hypomanic features during major depressive episodes","volume":"67","author":"Benazzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00009-X","article-title":"Can a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder be identified? Integration of findings from the Massachusetts General Hospital Psychopharmacology Program","volume":"53","author":"Biederman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00161-X","article-title":"Current research on rapid cycling bipolar disorder and its treatment","volume":"67","author":"Calabrese","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00445-1","article-title":"Unsuspected depressive mania in pre-pubertal Hispanic children referred for the treatment of \u201cdepression\u201d with history of social deviance","volume":"67","author":"Dilsaver","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(94)00194-8","article-title":"Mixed mania: apparent induction by tricyclic antidepressant in five consecutively treated patients with bipolar depression","volume":"37","author":"Dilsaver","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n1005","article-title":"Occult mood disorders in 104 consecutively presenting children referred for the treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a community mental health clinic","volume":"64","author":"Dilsaver","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00073.x","article-title":"Clinical consequences of under-recognized bipolar spectrum disorder","volume":"5","author":"Dunner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(83)90062-7","article-title":"Bipolarity: the iceberg of affective disorders","volume":"24","author":"Egeland","year":"1983","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib18","series-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: Clinician Version (SCID-CV)","author":"First","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290100031006","article-title":"A family study of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar and control probands","volume":"39","author":"Gershon","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00074.x","article-title":"Antidepressants in bipolar disorder: the case for caution","volume":"5","author":"Ghaemi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1399-5618.2003.00067.x","article-title":"Antidepressant induced mania: an overview of current controversies","volume":"5","author":"Goldberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00112-8","article-title":"Systematic clinical methodology for validating bipolar-II disorder: data in mid-stream from a French national multisite study (EPIDEP)","volume":"50","author":"Hantouche","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 14","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib23","first-page":"5","article-title":"Bipolar spectrum disorder: improving its recognition and diagnosis","volume":"62","author":"Hirschfeld","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02360.x","article-title":"Induction of mania and rapid acceleration in bipolar disorder: effects of different classes of antidepressants","volume":"105","author":"Joffe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70095-2","article-title":"Agitated depression as a mixed state and the problem of melancholia","volume":"22","author":"Koukopoulos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-4993(18)30094-4","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation of the violent child and adolescent","volume":"4","author":"Lewis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(94)90104-X","article-title":"The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association (DMDA) survey of bipolar members","volume":"31","author":"Lish","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib28","series-title":"The Bipolar Child","author":"Papolos","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)01446-8","article-title":"Clinical subtypes of bipolar mixed states: validating a broader European definition in 143 cases","volume":"43","author":"Perugi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n0209","article-title":"Clinical and legal correlates of inmates with bipolar disorder at the time of criminal arrest","volume":"65","author":"Quanbeck","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00051.x","article-title":"Frequency of manic symptoms during a depressive episode and unipolar \u2018depressive mixed state\u2019 as bipolar spectrum","volume":"107","author":"Sato","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290050029007","article-title":"Bipolar illness in adolescents with major depression: clinical, genetic, and psychopharmacologic predictors in a three- to four-year prospective follow-up investigation","volume":"39","author":"Strober","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.7.1278","article-title":"Relationship of parent and child informants to prevalence of mania symptoms in children with a prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar disorder phenotype","volume":"161","author":"Tillman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.144.11.1403","article-title":"Can antidepressants cause mania and worsen the course of affective illness?","volume":"144","author":"Wehr","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.675","article-title":"Brief screening for family psychiatric history. The family history screen","volume":"57","author":"Weissman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00217-2","article-title":"Heterogeneity of childhood conduct disorder: further evidence of a subtype of conduct disorder","volume":"64","author":"Wozniak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032704003751?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032704003751?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T09:58:48Z","timestamp":1549015128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032704003751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032704003751"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2004.10.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]}}}