{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:11:47Z","timestamp":1780575107368,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,11]],"date-time":"2005-03-11T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1110543997000},"page":"183-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Effectiveness and medical costs of divalproex versus lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder: Results of a naturalistic clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Dennis A.","family":"Revicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.A.","family":"Hirschfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen P.","family":"Ahearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard H.","family":"Weisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Paul E.","family":"Keck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib1","series-title":"Drug topics red book","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.12.1","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"151","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib42","first-page":"13","article-title":"Key treatment studies of lithium in manic-deppressive illness: efficacy and side effects","volume":"59","author":"Bowden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.271.12.918","article-title":"Efficacy of divalproex vs. lithium and placebo in the treatment of mania","volume":"271","author":"Bowden","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.5.481","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled 12-month trial of divalproex and lithium in treatment of outpatients with bipolar disorder","volume":"57","author":"Bowden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.264.19.2524","article-title":"Depression, disability days, and days lost from work in a prospective epidemiologic survey","volume":"264","author":"Broadhead","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2002.01148.x","article-title":"Health care utilization and costs among privately insured patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"4","author":"Bryan-Comstock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorder"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0412","article-title":"Impact of bipolar disorder on a U.S. community sample","volume":"64","author":"Calabrese","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00016-X","article-title":"Well-being and functioning in patients with bipolar disorder assessed using the MOS 20-item short form (SF-20)","volume":"39","author":"Cooke","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.5.720","article-title":"The enduring psychosocial consequences of mania and depression","volume":"150","author":"Coryell","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1978.01770310043002","article-title":"A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Endicott","year":"1978","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.1.108","article-title":"A double-blind comparison of valproate and lithium in the treatment of acute mania","volume":"149","author":"Freeman","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib12","series-title":"Manic-depressive illness","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810190065009","article-title":"Outcome in manic disorders: a naturalistic follow-up study","volume":"47","author":"Harrow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib14","unstructured":"Health Care Consultants of America, Inc., 1997. Physicians Fee and Coding Guide: A Comprehensive Fee and Coding Reference. Augusta, GA: MAG Mutual Group, 1997."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib15","series-title":"Part B procedure data by specialty","author":"Health Care Financing Administration","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib16","first-page":"213","article-title":"A pharmacoeconomic model of divalproex vs. lithium in the acute and prophylactic treatment of bipolar I disorder","volume":"57","author":"Keck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.646","article-title":"Twelve-month outcome of bipolar patients following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode","volume":"155","author":"Keck","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States","volume":"51","author":"Kessler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib19","first-page":"201","article-title":"Health-related QOL assessment in euthymic and depressed patients with bipolar disorder: psychometric performance of four self-report measures","volume":"48","author":"Leidy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(01)00394-9","article-title":"Cost of treating bipolar disorder in the California Medicaid (Med-Cal) program","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib21","series-title":"Cost-Effectiveness in health and medicine","article-title":"Estimating costs in cost-effectiveness analysis","author":"Luce","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.2.115","article-title":"Revised prevalence estimates of mental disorders in the United States: using a clinical significance criterion to reconcile 2 surveys' estimates","volume":"59","author":"Narrow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.123","article-title":"Outcome of bipolar disorder on long-term treatment with lithium","volume":"159","author":"O'Connell","year":"1991","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810250064008","article-title":"Valproate in the treatment of acute mania: a placebo-controlled study","volume":"48","author":"Pope","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0610","article-title":"Morbidity in 258 bipolar outpatients followed for 1 year with daily prospective ratings on the NIMH life chart method","volume":"64","author":"Post","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409013310907","article-title":"Lithium in the treatment of mood disorders","volume":"331","author":"Price","year":"1994","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199915050-00001","article-title":"Pharmacoeconomic evaluation in the real world: effectiveness versus efficacy studies","volume":"15","author":"Revicki","year":"1999","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib28","first-page":"57","article-title":"Methods of pharmacoeconomic evaluation of new medical treatments in psychiatry","volume":"31","author":"Revicki","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/10673229709034730","article-title":"Telephone versus in-person clinical and health status assessment interviews in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"5","author":"Revicki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0310","article-title":"Divalproex sodium versus olanzapine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar disorder: health-related quality of life and medical cost outcomes","volume":"64","author":"Revicki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revicki, D.A., Matza, L., Flood, E., Lloyd, A., in press. Bipolar disorder and health-related quality of life: review of burden of disease and clinical trials. PharmacoEconomics.","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200523060-00005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4730030507","article-title":"Statistical analysis of cost outcomes in a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Rutten-van Molken","year":"1994","journal-title":"Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib33","series-title":"Measuring functioning and well-being: the medical outcomes study approach","article-title":"Psychological distress\/well-being and cognitive functioning measures","author":"Stewart","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.6.805","article-title":"Using drug claims data to assess the relationship of medication adherence with hospitalization and costs","volume":"52","author":"Svarstad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810240026005","article-title":"Outcome in mania: a 4-year prospective follow-up of 75 patients utilizing survival analysis","volume":"47","author":"Tohen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib36","series-title":"The Health Institute","article-title":"SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide","author":"Ware","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib37","series-title":"The Health Institute","article-title":"SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales: a user's manual","author":"Ware","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib38","series-title":"Mental health outcome measures","article-title":"Properties of the composite international (CIDI) for measuring mental health outcomes","author":"Wittchen","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib39","series-title":"Version 1.0","article-title":"Composite international diagnostic interview","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00789056","article-title":"An economic evaluation of manic-depressive illness","volume":"30","author":"Wyatt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Society of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503270500008X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503270500008X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T01:11:31Z","timestamp":1706058691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016503270500008X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S016503270500008X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2005.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}