{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T13:55:17Z","timestamp":1773669317149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,2]],"date-time":"2007-05-02T14:37:23Z","timestamp":1178116643000},"page":"235-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Double depression in older adult psychiatric outpatients: Hopelessness as a defining feature"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"101","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Thomas E.","family":"Joiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan M.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Hersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn H.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.2.358","article-title":"Hopelessness depression: a theory-based subtype of depression","volume":"96","author":"Abramson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib2","series-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition","author":"American Psychiatric Press","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib3","series-title":"Manual for the revised Beck Depression Inventory","author":"Beck","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037562","article-title":"The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale","volume":"42","author":"Beck","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","article-title":"An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety","volume":"56","author":"Beck","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.3.371","article-title":"Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: a 20-year prospective study","volume":"68","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.51.6.945","article-title":"The Beck Depression Inventory and research diagnostic criteria: congruence in an older population","volume":"51","author":"Gallagher","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.3.3.230","article-title":"Hopelessness as a measure of suicidal intent in the depressed elderly","volume":"3","author":"Hill","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib9","unstructured":"Hollingshead, A.F. 1975. Four-factor index of social status. Unpublished manuscript. New Haven, CT: Department of Sociology, Yale University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(96)00033-3","article-title":"Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients","volume":"11","author":"Kabacoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005183422001","article-title":"The acute treatment of chronic major depression: a comparison of nefazodone, psychotherapy, and their combination","volume":"342","author":"Keller","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Eng. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.139.4.438","article-title":"\u201cDouble depression\u201d: superimposition of acute depressive episodes on chronic depressive disorders","volume":"139","author":"Keller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.10.1226","article-title":"Double depression and episodic major depression: demographic, clinical, familial, personality, and socioenvironmental characteristics and short-term outcome","volume":"145","author":"Klein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.1974.10119988","article-title":"Activism and powerful others: distinctions within the concept of internal\u2013external locus of control","volume":"38","author":"Levenson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Pers. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.109.3.419","article-title":"Comparison of DSM-III-R chronic major depression and major depression superimposed on dysthymia (double depression): validity of the distinction","volume":"109","author":"McCullough","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.1042","article-title":"Psychosocial characteristics of \u201cdouble depression\u201d","volume":"143","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib17","first-page":"313","article-title":"Update on the reliability of diagnosis in older psychiatric outpatients using the structured clinical interview of DSM-III-R","volume":"1","author":"Segal","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Clin. Geropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200108000-00006","article-title":"Comparison of desipramine and cognitive\/behavioral therapy in the treatment of elderly outpatients with mild-to-moderate depression","volume":"9","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503270700136X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016503270700136X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T22:22:25Z","timestamp":1546899745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016503270700136X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S016503270700136X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8]]}}}