{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:26:36Z","timestamp":1792427196651,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,11]],"date-time":"2006-01-11T14:36:36Z","timestamp":1136990196000},"page":"239-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Symptomatic and functional outcome of bipolar disorder in Butajira, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Derege","family":"Kebede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atalay","family":"Alem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teshome","family":"Shibire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negussie","family":"Deyassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemayehu","family":"Negash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teferra","family":"Beyero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghirmay","family":"Medhin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebaw","family":"Fekadu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00042-7","article-title":"Health-related quality of life using the SF-36 in patients with bipolar disorder compared with patients with chronic back pain and the general population","volume":"57","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370304800704","article-title":"Prophylaxis latency and outcome in bipolar disorders","volume":"48","author":"Baethge","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6846.160","article-title":"Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care","volume":"305","author":"Brazier","year":"1992","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199804000-00002","article-title":"Course of acute affective disorders in a developing country setting","volume":"186","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. of Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.5.720","article-title":"The enduring psychosocial consequences of mania and depression","volume":"150","author":"Coryell","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2004.00142.x","article-title":"Medication use patterns and 2-year outcome in first-admission bipolar disorder with psychotic features","volume":"6","author":"Craig","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1185\/030079903125002801","article-title":"A systematic review evaluating health-related quality of life, work impairment, and healthcare costs and utilization in bipolar disorder","volume":"20","author":"Dean","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01195.x","article-title":"Long term course and outcome of the Agra cases in the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia","volume":"70","author":"Dube","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib9","series-title":"Textbook of Psychiatric Epidemiology","first-page":"157","article-title":"Studying the natural history of psychopathology","author":"Eaton","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00161-7","article-title":"Consistency of remission and outcome in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders: a 10-year prospective follow-up","volume":"81","author":"Goldberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2000.020402.x","article-title":"Perspectives for clinical research on bipolar disorders in the new millennium","volume":"2","author":"Goodwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2077","article-title":"The course of bipolar disorder and the nature of agitated depression","volume":"160","author":"Goodwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-5618.2003.00033.x","article-title":"Statistical methods for longitudinal research on bipolar disorders","volume":"5","author":"Hennen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.6.530","article-title":"The long-term natural history of the weekly symptomatic status of bipolar I disorder","volume":"59","author":"Judd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.646","article-title":"12-month outcome of patients with bipolar disorder following hospitalization for a manic or mixed episode","volume":"155","author":"Keck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0678-4","article-title":"Onset and clinical course of schizophrenia in Butajira-Ethiopia\u2014a community-based study","volume":"38","author":"Kebede","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib19","first-page":"289","article-title":"Health-related quality of life (SF-36) survey in Butajira, rural Ethiopia: normative data and evaluation of reliability and validity","volume":"42","author":"Kebede","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ethiop. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib18","first-page":"34","article-title":"Socio-demographic correlates of bipolar disorders in Butajira, rural Ethiopia","volume":"82","author":"Kebede","year":"2005","journal-title":"East Afr. Med. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90058-E","article-title":"Course of bipolar disorder in eastern India","volume":"24","author":"Khanna","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.2.163","article-title":"Women with bipolar illness: clinical and research issues","volume":"153","author":"Leibenluft","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00147-X","article-title":"Health-related quality of life assessment in euthymic and depressed patients with bipolar disorder. Psychometric performance of four self-report measures","volume":"48","author":"Leidy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00059.x","article-title":"A review of psychosocial outcome in patients with bipolar disorder","volume":"103","author":"MacQueen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.03.011","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical characteristics of bipolar I disorder in Butajira, Ethiopia: a community-based study","volume":"87","author":"Negash","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.8.1447","article-title":"Correlates of 1-year prospective outcome in bipolar disorder: results from the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network","volume":"161","author":"Nolen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.4.392","article-title":"The course and outcome in depressive illness. A follow-up study of 122 cases in Madurai, India","volume":"130","author":"Rao","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib28","series-title":"Modern Epidemiology","first-page":"77","author":"Rothman","year":"1986"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib29","first-page":"161","article-title":"An evaluation of two screening methods to identify cases with schizophrenia and affective disorders in a community survey in rural Ethiopia","volume":"48","author":"Shibre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.2.220","article-title":"Two-year syndromal and functional recovery in 219 cases of first-episode major affective disorder with psychotic features","volume":"157","author":"Tohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.12.2099","article-title":"The McLean\u2013Harvard First-Episode Mania Study: prediction of recovery and first recurrence","volume":"160","author":"Tohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00163-4","article-title":"15-year outcome of treated bipolar disorder","volume":"63","author":"Tsai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib34","series-title":"A Practical Guide","first-page":"77","article-title":"Applied longitudinal data analysis for epidemiology","author":"Twisk","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib35","series-title":"SF-36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide","author":"Ware","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib40","unstructured":"WHO, 1999. ICIDH-2: international classification of functioning and disability. Geneva. WHO. (www3.who.int\/icf\/intros\/ICF-Eng-Intro.pdf) accessed Nov 22, 2004."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00801900","article-title":"SCAN and the PSE tradition","volume":"31","author":"Wing","year":"1996","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012","article-title":"SCAN: schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry","volume":"47","author":"Wing","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.1.169","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of the continued use of antipsychotic treatment versus its discontinuation in remitted manic patients","volume":"161","author":"Zarate","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032705003411?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032705003411?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T09:09:40Z","timestamp":1555232980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032705003411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032705003411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}