{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T23:34:49Z","timestamp":1774481689649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,1]],"date-time":"2008-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1212278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,22]],"date-time":"2008-02-22T16:46:19Z","timestamp":1203698779000},"page":"207-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Dissociative experiences differentiate bipolar-II from unipolar depressed patients: The mediating role of cyclothymia and the Type A behaviour speed and impatience subscale"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Ketil J.","family":"Oedegaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Neckelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franco","family":"Benazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vigdis E.G.","family":"Syrstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hagop S.","family":"Akiskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ole Bernt","family":"Fasmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4S","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199604001-00002","article-title":"The prevalent clinical spectrum of bipolar disorders: beyond DSM-IV","volume":"16","author":"Akiskal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib2","first-page":"68","article-title":"Criteria for the \u201csoft\u201d bipolar spectrum: treatment implications","volume":"23","author":"Akiskal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib3","first-page":"43","article-title":"Cyclothymic, hyperthymic and depressive temperaments as subaffective variants of mood disorders","volume":"Vol. 11","author":"Akiskal","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950140032004","article-title":"Switching from 'unipolar' to bipolar II. An 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients","volume":"52","author":"Akiskal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00152-9","article-title":"TEMPS-I: delineating the most discriminant traits of cyclothymic, depressive, irritable and hyperthymic temperaments in a nonpatient population","volume":"51","author":"Akiskal","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib6","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0576-8","article-title":"Obsessive\u2013compulsive syndromes and disorders: significance of comorbidity with bipolar and anxiety syndromes","volume":"255","author":"Angst","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199712000-00006","article-title":"Dissociative symptoms in panic disorder","volume":"185","author":"Ball","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(98)00184-0","article-title":"Sad, glad, or mad hearts? Epidemiological evidence for a causal relationship between mood disorders and coronary artery disease","volume":"53","author":"Barrick","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198612000-00004","article-title":"Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale","volume":"174","author":"Bernstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib11","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the Dissociative Experience Scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(89)90112-0","article-title":"Derealization and panic attacks: a clinical evaluation on 150 patients with panic disorder\/agoraphobia","volume":"30","author":"Cassano","year":"1989","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib13","first-page":"28","article-title":"The validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale against the criterion of the SCID-D, using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis","volume":"6","author":"Draijer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1999.85.2.505","article-title":"Associations among behavior, personality, and traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease: a study at a primary health care center in mid-Norway","volume":"85","author":"Espenes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.10.015","article-title":"Familiality of temperament in bipolar disorder: support for a genetic spectrum","volume":"85","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2001.00279.x","article-title":"The prevalence of migraine in patients with bipolar and unipolar affective disorders","volume":"21","author":"Fasmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970109026801","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with major affective disorders and comorbid migraine","volume":"2","author":"Fasmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib18","unstructured":"Friedman M., Rosenman R.H. 1974. Type A Behavior and Your Heart, Knopf, New York. 163(4):623\u20139."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1997.11024787","article-title":"Dissociative symptoms in psychotic mood disorders: an example of symptom nonspecificity","volume":"60","author":"Giese","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199205000-00008","article-title":"Dissociative symptoms in patients with obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"180","author":"Goff","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1811","article-title":"Relationship of dissociation to temperament and character in men and women","volume":"156","author":"Grabe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00461-5","article-title":"Cyclothymic OCD: a distinct form?","volume":"75","author":"Hantouche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl.7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain","volume":"8","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199806000-00004","article-title":"Twin study of dissociative experience","volume":"186","author":"Jang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(67)90010-0","article-title":"Development of an objective psychological test for determination of the coronary-prone behaviour pattern in employed men","volume":"20","author":"Jenkins","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Chronic. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(71)90063-4","article-title":"Association of coronary-prone behaviour pattern scores with recurrence of coronary heart disease","volume":"24","author":"Jenkins","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Chronic. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib26","series-title":"Jenkins Activity Survey. Manual","author":"Jenkins","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(98)90035-9","article-title":"Dissociative symptomatology and aggressive behavior","volume":"39","author":"Kaplan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n1007","article-title":"Dissociative disorders among inpatients with drug or alcohol dependency","volume":"66","author":"Karadag","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01586.x","article-title":"Factors associated with pathological dissociation in the general population","volume":"39","author":"Maaranen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(03)00099-5","article-title":"The relationship of Kraepelian affective temperaments (as measured by TEMPS-I) to the tridimensional personality questionnaire (TPQ)","volume":"85","author":"Maremmani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200012000-00011","article-title":"Memory for actions and dissociation in obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"188","author":"Merckelbach","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2001.12.001","article-title":"Testing the dissociative taxon","volume":"15","author":"Modestin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(96)90017-6","article-title":"Dissociative experiences and dissociative disorders in acute psychiatric inpatients","volume":"37","author":"Modestin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200301000-00004","article-title":"The links between the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), fantasy proneness, and anxiety symptoms","volume":"191","author":"Muris","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.1999.00601.x","article-title":"Somatoform dissociation discriminates among diagnostic categories over and above general psychopathology","volume":"33","author":"Nijenhuis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2003.11.007","article-title":"Is migraine in unipolar depressed patients a bipolar spectrum trait?","volume":"84","author":"Oedegaard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.10.005","article-title":"Type A behaviour differentiates bipolar II from unipolar depressed patients","volume":"90","author":"Oedegaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(97)00122-5","article-title":"The Semi-Structured Affective Temperament Interview (TEMPS-I): reliability and psychometric properties in 1010 14\u201326 year students","volume":"47","author":"Placidi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Affect Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198805000-00008","article-title":"Phenomenological overlap of multiple personality disorder and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder","volume":"176","author":"Ross","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.11.1547","article-title":"Dissociative experiences in the general population","volume":"147","author":"Ross","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0620-8","article-title":"Dissociation and symptom dimensions of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a replication study","volume":"256","author":"Rufer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib42","first-page":"233","article-title":"Dissociative identity disorder associated with mania and change in handedness","volume":"17","author":"Savitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.146.1.81","article-title":"Transient sensory, cognitive and affective phenomena in affective illness. A comparison with complex partial epilepsy","volume":"146","author":"Silberman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199809000-00004","article-title":"The detection and measurement of depersonalization disorder","volume":"186","author":"Simeon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.3.489","article-title":"Personality factors associated with dissociation: temperament, defenses, and cognitive schemata","volume":"159","author":"Simeon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000070360","article-title":"Gender differences in dissociation. Gender differences in dissociation. A dimensional approach","volume":"36","author":"Spitzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2000.9011","article-title":"Bipolar II disorder and comorbidity","volume":"41","author":"Vieta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.106.4.499","article-title":"The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: taxometric and behavior genetic findings","volume":"106","author":"Waller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.3.300","article-title":"Types of dissociation and dissociative types: a taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences","volume":"1","author":"Waller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(03)00029-X","article-title":"Symptom subtypes of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and their relation to dissociation","volume":"18","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032707003795?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032707003795?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T16:22:01Z","timestamp":1684254121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032707003795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032707003795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2007.10.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]}}}