{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:03:03Z","timestamp":1780506183581,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,4]],"date-time":"2008-06-04T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1212553407000},"page":"71-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Complex PTSD, interpersonal trauma and relational consequences: Findings from a treatment-receiving Northern Irish sample"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Dorahy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Corry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Shannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"MacSherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geordie","family":"McRobert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donncha","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib2","series-title":"The Treatment of Anxiety Disorders","author":"Andrews","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib3","series-title":"The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Retrospective Self-report","author":"Bernstein","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib4","series-title":"Researching the Troubles: Social Science Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Conflict","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cross-community relations projects and interdependent identities","author":"Bloomer","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100105","article-title":"Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in postraumatic stress disorder","volume":"10","author":"Bremner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib6","first-page":"229","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib7","series-title":"Growing up in Northern Ireland","first-page":"115","article-title":"Social identity and intergroup conflict: a developmental perspective","author":"Cairns","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20005","article-title":"DESNOS in three postconflict settings: assessing cross-cultural equivalence","volume":"18","author":"De Jong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib45","series-title":"Traumatic stress: The Effects of Overwhelming Experience on Mind, Body and Society","first-page":"398","article-title":"Trauma in cultural perspective","author":"DeVries","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.502","article-title":"Cautions on the overgeneralised application of the NICE and CREST recommendations for the treatment of PTSD: a reflection from practice in Belfast, Northern Ireland","volume":"13","author":"Dorahy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib10","series-title":"Trauma and Dissociation in a Cross Cultural Perspective: Not just a North American Phenomena","first-page":"221","article-title":"Trauma and dissociation in Northern Ireland","author":"Dorahy","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000004087.27216.24","article-title":"Correlates of non-pathological dissociation in Northern Ireland: the affects of trauma and exposure to political violence","volume":"16","author":"Dorahy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib12","unstructured":"Dorahy, M.J., Shannon, C., Maguire, C., submitted for publication. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the Troubles-Related Experiences Questionnaire (TREQ)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0","article-title":"A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"38","author":"Ehlers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib14","series-title":"The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment","first-page":"3","article-title":"Child neglect","author":"Erickson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib15","series-title":"Mapping Troubles-related Deaths in Northern Ireland 1969\u20131994","article-title":"The Cost of the Troubles","author":"Fay","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib16","series-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale","author":"Foa","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.1.3","article-title":"Disorders of extreme stress following warzone military trauma: associated features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or comorbid but distinct syndromes","volume":"67","author":"Ford","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024497400891","article-title":"Early childhood trauma and disorders of extreme stress as predictors of treatment outcome with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"11","author":"Ford","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20051","article-title":"Treatment of complex posttraumatic self-dysregulation","volume":"18","author":"Ford","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib20","series-title":"Trauma and Recovery","author":"Herman","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490050305","article-title":"Complex PTSD: a syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma","volume":"3","author":"Herman","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib22","first-page":"43","article-title":"Complex PTSD: a review of current issues","volume":"2","author":"Ide","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Ment. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib23","series-title":"Researching the Troubles: Social Science Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Conflict","first-page":"227","article-title":"Managing disorder: responses to interface violence in North Beflast","author":"Jarman","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib24","series-title":"A Handbook of Test Construction: Introduction to Psychometric Design","author":"Kline","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib25","first-page":"373","article-title":"Complex trauma and disorders of extreme stress (DESNOS) diagnosis: Part 1. Assessment","volume":"21","author":"Luxenburg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Direct Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(98)00094-8","article-title":"The two-factorial symptom structure of post-traumatic stress disorder: depression\u2013avoidance and arousal\u2013anxiety","volume":"81","author":"Maes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.369","article-title":"Implications of childhood sexual abuse for adult borderline personality and complex posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"160","author":"McLean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib28","series-title":"The Legacy of the Troubles: Experiences of the Troubles, Mental Health and Social Attitudes [research report]","author":"Muldoon","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199510000-00003","article-title":"Clinical presentation of disorders of extreme stress in combat veterans","volume":"183","author":"Newman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib30","first-page":"95","article-title":"Child neglect: the precursor to child abuse","volume":"8","author":"Ney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pre- Peri-Nat. Psychol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib31","series-title":"Researching the Troubles: Social Ccience Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Conflict","first-page":"123","article-title":"Contact and conflict in Northern Ireland","author":"Niens","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20052","article-title":"Clinical applications of the attachment framework: relational treatment of complex trauma","volume":"18","author":"Pearlman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100103","article-title":"Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES)","volume":"10","author":"Pelcovitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100403","article-title":"Complex PTSD in victims exposed to sexual and physical abuse: results from the DSM-IV filed trial for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"10","author":"Roth","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1348\/014466503322528955","article-title":"The long-term psychological impact of Bloody Sunday on families of the victims as measures by the Revised Impact of Events Scale","volume":"42","author":"Shevlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.09.006","article-title":"Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V","volume":"21","author":"Spitzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.04.003","article-title":"Simple versus complex PTSD: a cluster analytic investigation","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.1.10","article-title":"Childhood traumas: an outline and overview","volume":"148","author":"Terr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib39","first-page":"342","article-title":"Social psychological research on the conflict","volume":"5","author":"Trew","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Psychologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib40","series-title":"The Haunted Self: Structural Dissociation and the Treatment of Chronic Traumatization","author":"Van der Hart","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20046","article-title":"Editorial comments: complex developmental trauma","volume":"18","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.7.83","article-title":"Dissociation, affect regulation, and somatization: the complexity of adaptation to trauma","volume":"153","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20047","article-title":"Disorders of extreme stress: the empirical foundations of a complex adaptation to trauma","volume":"18","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v07n01_03","article-title":"Dissociative symptomatology in posttraumatic stress disorder and disorders of extreme stress","volume":"7","author":"Zucker","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Dissociation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032708001523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032708001523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T22:52:57Z","timestamp":1545951177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032708001523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032708001523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2008.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}}}