{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:01:37Z","timestamp":1790611297710,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,12]],"date-time":"2012-02-12T16:12:12Z","timestamp":1329063132000},"page":"322-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Socioeconomic disadvantage increases risk of prevalent and persistent depression in later life"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Osvaldo P.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Pirkis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngaire","family":"Kerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Flicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Snowdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola T.","family":"Lautenschlager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Stocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helman","family":"Alfonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon J.","family":"Pfaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006","article-title":"\u2018Vascular depression\u2019 hypothesis","volume":"54","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161021100113X","article-title":"Evolution, depression and the interplay between chance and choices","volume":"23","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170300758X","article-title":"Depression with late onset is associated with right frontal lobe atrophy","volume":"33","author":"Almeida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp199","article-title":"Polymorphisms of the CRP gene inhibit inflammatory response and increase susceptibility to depression: the Health in Men Study","volume":"38","author":"Almeida","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0015","series-title":"Cardiovascular Disease","author":"Almeida","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210001870","article-title":"A practical approach to assess depression risk and to guide risk reduction strategies in later life","volume":"23","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, O.P., Pirkis, J., Kerse, N., Sim, M., Flicker, L., Snowdon, J., Draper, B., Byrne, G., Goldney, R., Lautenschlager, N., Stocks, N., Alfonso, H., Pfaff, J.J., in press. A randomized trial to reduce the prevalence of depression and self-harm behavior in older primary care patients. The Annals of Family Medicine.","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1368"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/62.1.S52","article-title":"Urban neighborhoods and depressive symptoms among older adults","volume":"62B","author":"Aneshensel","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0045","first-page":"348","article-title":"Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to screen for major depression in the primary care","volume":"8","author":"Arroll","year":"2010","journal-title":"Population"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00010-8","article-title":"Reliability and changes in validity of self-reported cardiovascular disease risk factors using dual response: the behavioral risk factor survey","volume":"49","author":"Bowlin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5631","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083968","article-title":"Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene","volume":"301","author":"Caspi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00201-0","article-title":"Health selection in the Whitehall II study, UK","volume":"56","author":"Chandola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.1.50","article-title":"Social inequalities in response to antidepressant treatment in older adults","volume":"63","author":"Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2297","article-title":"From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain","volume":"9","author":"Dantzer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01537.x","article-title":"Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: results from the Depression and Early Prevention of Suicide in General Practice Project","volume":"56","author":"Draper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of American Geriatrics Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-7435(03)00142-7","article-title":"Why target sedentary adults in primary health care? Baseline results from the Waikato Heart, Health, and Activity Study","volume":"37","author":"Elley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.08.003","article-title":"Neighborhood disadvantage and self-assessed health, disability, and depressive symptoms: longitudinal results from the health and retirement study","volume":"20","author":"Glymour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7696","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)92410-X","article-title":"The inverse care law","volume":"1","author":"Hart","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.039172","article-title":"Women who smoke like men die like men who smoke: findings from two Australian cohort studies","volume":"20","author":"Jamrozik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650604700204","article-title":"Access to health care: does neighborhood residential instability matter?","volume":"47","author":"Kirby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(93)71928-3","article-title":"Abbreviating the Duke Social Support Index for use in chronically ill elderly individuals","volume":"34","author":"Koenig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01472-5","article-title":"Comorbidity of depression with other medical diseases in the elderly","volume":"52","author":"Krishnan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi185","article-title":"Neighborhood contextual influences on depressive symptoms in the elderly","volume":"162","author":"Kubzansky","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9524","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68770-9","article-title":"Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data","volume":"367","author":"Lopez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.05.037","article-title":"The public health impact of antidepressants: an instrumental variable analysis","volume":"134","author":"Mojtabai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.2.135","article-title":"Social origins of depression in old age","volume":"141","author":"Murphy","year":"1982","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810270035004","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in relation to social status. A prospective epidemiologic study","volume":"48","author":"Murphy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2081","article-title":"A longitudinal study of hippocampal volume, cortisol levels, and cognition in older depressed subjects","volume":"161","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0150","series-title":"An Introduction to Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) 2006","author":"Pink","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0155","series-title":"Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC)","author":"Pink","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.08.014","article-title":"The community prevalence of depression in older Australians","volume":"115","author":"Pirkis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"June","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2307\/2676304","article-title":"Neighborhood disadvantage and adult depression","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.18.1737","article-title":"Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders. Patient Health Questionnaire","volume":"282","author":"Spitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckn091","article-title":"Neighbourhood characteristics and trajectories of health functioning: a multilevel prospective analysis","volume":"18","author":"Stafford","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbn016","article-title":"Urban neighborhood context and change in depressive symptoms in late life","volume":"64B","author":"Wight","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-42","article-title":"Recruiting and retaining GPs and patients in intervention studies: the DEPS-GP project as a case study","volume":"7","author":"Williamson","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032712000468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032712000468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,26]],"date-time":"2018-11-26T03:27:55Z","timestamp":1543202875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032712000468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032712000468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2012.01.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}