{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T08:59:54Z","timestamp":1780995594053,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,1]],"date-time":"2013-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1377993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jad-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,10]],"date-time":"2013-05-10T00:45:47Z","timestamp":1368146747000},"page":"223-230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["In myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome, increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT is associated with immuno-inflammatory pathways and bacterial translocation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Maes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Ringel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Kubera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerwyn","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Galecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Geffard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2003.02149.x","article-title":"Normal production of inflammatory cytokines in chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia syndromes determined by intracellular cytokine staining in short-term cultured blood mononuclear cells","volume":"132","author":"Amel Kashipaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-398314-5.00002-7","article-title":"Inflammation-related disorders in the tryptophan catabolite pathway in depression and somatization","volume":"88","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1692","article-title":"A brain MRI study of chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence of brainstem dysfunction and altered homeostasis","volume":"24","author":"Barnden","year":"2011","journal-title":"NMR in Biomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib4","first-page":"79","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome: characteristics and possible causes for its pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Bassi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Israel Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.11.018","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow is reduced in chronic fatigue syndrome as assessed by arterial spin labeling","volume":"301","author":"Biswal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.010","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion affects heart rate variability and impulsivity in remitted depressed patients with a history of suicidal ideation","volume":"60","author":"Booij","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.11.1182","article-title":"Studies on regional cerebral oxygen utilisation and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis","volume":"47","author":"Brooks","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341123","article-title":"Antineuronal antibody levels in chronic fatigue syndrome patients with neurologic abnormalities","volume":"34","author":"Buchwald","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib9","first-page":"372","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and immune activation in chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Buchwald","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.6.1412-a","article-title":"Serum neopterin and interleukin-6 levels in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"162","author":"Chao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib11","first-page":"225","article-title":"Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of basal ganglia in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib12","first-page":"767","article-title":"Brainstem perfusion is impaired in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Costa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4118","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-006700","article-title":"The tryptophan catabolite l-kynurenine inhibits the surface expression of NKp46- and NKG2D-activating receptors and regulates NK-cell function","volume":"108","author":"Della Chiesa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1369\/jhc.2009.953604","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase tissue distribution and cellular localization in mice: implications for its biological functions","volume":"58","author":"Dai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000227704.79740.c0","article-title":"Depleting serotonin enhances both cardiovascular and psychological stress reactivity in recovered patients with anxiety disorders","volume":"26","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2006.01212.x","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion increases nausea, headache and photophobia in migraine sufferers","volume":"26","author":"Drummond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"A","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(80)70067-8","article-title":"Enzyme immunoassay ELISA and EMIT","volume":"70","author":"Engvall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1159\/000119307","article-title":"Comparison of 99m Tc HMPAO SPECT scan between chronic fatigue syndrome, major depression and healthy controls: an exploratory study of clinical correlates of regional cerebral blood flow","volume":"34","author":"Fischler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-7-96","article-title":"Plasma cytokines in women with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Fletcher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Translational Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","article-title":"The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study","volume":"121","author":"Fukuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2532(02)01214-0","article-title":"Detection of the specific IgM and IgA circulating in sera of multiple sclerosis patients: interest and perspectives","volume":"17","author":"Geffard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunoanalyse & Biologie Specialisee"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.167676","article-title":"Enteric serotonergic neurones\u2026 finally!","volume":"587","author":"Gershon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.05.007","article-title":"Neuronal serotonin regulates growth of the intestinal mucosa in mice","volume":"143","author":"Gross","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib23","first-page":"1796","article-title":"Behavioral correlates of serotonin depletion","volume":"34","author":"Harvey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Federation proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.03.070","article-title":"Inflammatory stimuli reduce survival of serotonergic neurons and induce neuronal expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in rat dorsal raphe nucleus organotypic brain slices","volume":"184","author":"Hochstrasser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20217","article-title":"Acute phase phospholipids related to the cardiolipin of mitochondria in the sera of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic Ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), and other diseases attributed to chemicals, Gulf War, and marine toxins","volume":"22","author":"Hokama","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20325","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies in the sera of patients with diagnosed chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Hokama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199213100-00011","article-title":"Assessment of regional cerebral perfusion by 99Tcm-HMPAO SPECT in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Ichise","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nuclear Medicine Communications"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.08.008","article-title":"Autoimmune and inflammatory mechanisms of CNS damage","volume":"95","author":"Kapadia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.041657","article-title":"Acute, tryptophan depletion affects brain-gut responses in irritable bowel syndrome patients and controls","volume":"53","author":"Kilkens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib30","first-page":"21","article-title":"High incidence of antibodies to 5-hydroxytryptamine, gangliosides and phospholipids in patients with chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia syndrome and their relatives: evidence for a clinical entity of both disorders","volume":"1","author":"Klein","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/08916939109004817","article-title":"Antibodies against central nervous system tissue (anti-CNS) detected by ELISA and Western blotting: marker antibodies for neuropsychiatric manifestations in connective tissue diseases","volume":"10","author":"Klein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(92)90017-2","article-title":"Clinical relevance of antibodies against serotonin and gangliosides in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Klein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118990","article-title":"Autoantibodies to nuclear envelope antigens in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"98","author":"Konstantinov","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00243-9","article-title":"Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"171","author":"Lange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2008.08.003","article-title":"Immunological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Lorusso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmunity Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(94)00101-M","article-title":"Evidence for an immune response in major depression: a review and hypothesis","volume":"19","author":"Maes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib37","unstructured":"Maes, M., 2012. Inflammatory cascades in chronic fatigue syndrome. In: Leonard B., Halaris A. (Eds.). Pharmacopsychiatry, Karger."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib38","first-page":"35","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely's (bio)psychosocial model versus a bio(psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways","volume":"8","author":"Maes","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.09.029","article-title":"Diagnostic classifications in depression and somatization should include biomarkers, such as disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway","volume":"196","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib40","first-page":"615","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome is accompanied by an IgM-related immune response directed against neopitopes formed by oxidative or nitrosative damage to lipids and proteins","volume":"27","author":"Maes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib41","first-page":"739","article-title":"Normalization of the increased translocation of endotoxin from Gram-negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) is accompanied by a remission of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Maes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.08.021","article-title":"Increased serum IgA and IgM against LPS of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): indication for the involvement of Gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of CFS and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability","volume":"99","author":"Maes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib43","first-page":"861","volume":"28","author":"Maes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib44","first-page":"264","article-title":"Somatization, but not depression, is characterized by disorders in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway, indicating increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and lowered kynurenine aminotransferase activity","volume":"32","author":"Maes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-012-9316-8","article-title":"IgM-mediated autoimmune responses directed against anchorage epitopes are greater in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS) than in major depression","volume":"27","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolic Brain Disease"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.11.016","article-title":"Increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT: a key component of depression that is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity, and with severity and staging of depression","volume":"136","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maes, M., Twisk, F.N., Johnson, C., 2012c. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME), Chronic FatigueSyndrome (CFS), and Chronic Fatigue (CF) are distinguished accurately: results of supervised learning techniques applied on clinical and inflammatory data. Psychiatry Research 200 (2\u20133), 754\u2013760. 0.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.031. (Epub 2012 Apr 21. PubMed PMID: 22521895).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.03.031"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.09.004","article-title":"Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin","volume":"136","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.09.010","article-title":"Increased IgA responses to the LPS of commensal bacteria is associated with inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Maes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6021","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/315641a0","article-title":"Cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary DNAs","volume":"315","author":"March","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.8.1015-a","article-title":"Serum concentrations of 2\u2032,5\u2032-oligoadenylate synthetase, neopterin, and beta-glucan in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and in patients with major depression","volume":"57","author":"Matsuda","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris, G., Maes, M., 2012a (Epub ahead of print). A neuro-immune model of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metabolic Brain Disease. PMID: 22718491.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-012-9324-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2012.07.034","article-title":"Loss of p53 and increased nuclear factor \u03baB are key mechanisms in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"79","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(82)91349-3","article-title":"Decreased [3H]serotonin and [3H]spiperone binding consequent to lipid peroxidation in rat cortical membranes","volume":"104","author":"Muakkassah-Kelly","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(93)90276-5","article-title":"A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"120","author":"Natelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.160416","article-title":"Strain-specific genetics, anatomy and function of enteric neural serotonergic pathways in inbred mice","volume":"587","author":"Neal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib57","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Antinuclear antibodies in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Nishikai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nippon Rinsho"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-4-14","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying fatigue: a voxel-based morphometric study of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Okada","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01452251","article-title":"A randomised double-blind 16-week study of ritanserin in fibromyalgia syndrome: clinical outcome and analysis of autoantibodies to serotonin, gangliosides and phospholipids","volume":"17","author":"Olin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04802.x","article-title":"Autoantibodies, polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway, and human leukocyte antigen class II alleles in chronic fatigue syndrome: are they associated with age at onset and specific symptoms?","volume":"1173","author":"Ortega-Hernandez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.2008.00822.x","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex oxygenation during incremental exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Patrick Neary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01300.x","article-title":"Relative increase in choline in the occipital cortex in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Puri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"1015","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e270","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/93889091","article-title":"Epub ahead of print). Regional grey and white matter volumetric changes in myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome): a voxel-based morphometry 3-T MRI study","volume":"85","author":"Puri","year":"2011","journal-title":"British Journal of Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.010","article-title":"Effect of acute tryptophan depletion on the response to controllable and uncontrollable noise stress","volume":"57","author":"Richell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0709517","article-title":"Infections and autoimmunity: the multifaceted relationship","volume":"87","author":"Sfriso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.7.922","article-title":"Observer independent analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Siessmeier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00170-2","article-title":"Effects of tryptophan depletion on central and peripheral chemoreflexes in man","volume":"133","author":"Struzik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib68","first-page":"225","article-title":"Autoantibodies against muscarinic cholinergic receptor in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Tanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Medicine"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.05.022","article-title":"Low tryptophan diet increases stress-sensitivity, but does not affect habituation in rats","volume":"52","author":"Tanke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurochemistry International"},{"issue":"3A","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00179-X","article-title":"Brain positron emission tomography (PET) in chronic fatigue syndrome: preliminary data","volume":"105","author":"Tirelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.007","article-title":"Tryptophan depletion affects the autonomic stress response in generalized social anxiety disorder","volume":"34","author":"van Veen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib72","first-page":"595","article-title":"Antibodies against serotonin have no diagnostic relevance in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Werle","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib73","unstructured":"WHO, 1992. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). G93.3."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00315-4","article-title":"A rating scale for fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (the FibroFatigue scale)","volume":"52","author":"Zachrisson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib75","first-page":"10","article-title":"Immunoglobulin binding to brain autoimmune mice","volume":"120","author":"Zameer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-008-0146-0","article-title":"Reduced serotonergic functioning changes heart rate in ADHD","volume":"116","author":"Zepf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032713002541?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032713002541?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T16:36:49Z","timestamp":1563035809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032713002541"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165032713002541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome, increased autoimmune activity against 5-HT is associated with immuno-inflammatory pathways and bacterial translocation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2013.03.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}