{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:04:53Z","timestamp":1791360293647,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,2]],"date-time":"2014-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T09:08:50Z","timestamp":1409908130000},"page":"46-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Correlates of depression among internally displaced persons after post-election violence in Kaduna, North Western Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Taiwo Lateef","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdulaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Agunbiade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ike","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Ebiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwatosin","family":"Adekeye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib17","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib12","first-page":"157","article-title":"Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Nigerian medical undergraduates","volume":"38","author":"Aniebue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Dr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(97)00047-9","article-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Major Depression","volume":"12","author":"Blanchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib18","first-page":"16","article-title":"Using Rasch analysis to test the cross-cultural item equivalence of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom checklist across Vietnamese and Cambodian immigrant mothers","volume":"7","author":"Choi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100109","article-title":"The validity of posttraumatic stress disorder among vietnamese refugees","volume":"10","author":"Fawzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Trauma. Stress"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.571","article-title":"Mental health of cambodian refugees 2 decades after resettlement in the United States","volume":"294","author":"Grant","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014252","article-title":"Depression and HIV in Botswana: a population-based study on gender-specific socioeconomic and behavioral correlates","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.5.465","article-title":"Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Nigerian survey of mental health and well-being","volume":"188","author":"Gureje","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0016-2","article-title":"Cross-cultural use of the predetermined scale cutoff points in refugee mental health research","volume":"41","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060050042","article-title":"Major depression and external stressors: the Lebanon Wars","volume":"248","author":"Karam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib7","unstructured":"Kish, L., Survey Sample. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1965, ISBN 0-471-48900-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2001.88.2.527","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress symptoms in refugees assessments with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins symptom checklist-25 in different languages","volume":"88","author":"Kleijn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199202000-00008","article-title":"The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees","volume":"180","author":"Mollica","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199809000-00005","article-title":"The dose-effect relationships between torture and psychiatric symptoms in Vietnamese ex-political detainees and a comparison group","volume":"186","author":"Mollica","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.5.433","article-title":"Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia","volume":"282","author":"Mollica","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib23","series-title":"Measuring Trauma, Measuring Torture","author":"Mollica","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164404263880","article-title":"Measuring social provisions for physical activity among adolescent black and white girls","volume":"64","author":"Moti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol. Meas."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507313975","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder following ethno-religious conflict in Jos, Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Obilom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Interpers. Violence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0158-6","article-title":"Validity across translations of short survey psychiatric diagnostic instruments: CIDI-SF and CIS-R versus SCID-I\/NP in four European countries","volume":"45","author":"Pez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-38","article-title":"Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-38","article-title":"Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda","volume":"8","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry. BioMed Cent."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria\u202f: causal analysis and proposals for new management strategies","volume":"13","author":"Salawu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.5.630","article-title":"Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression following trauma","volume":"155","author":"Shalev","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000254747.03333.70","article-title":"Screening for depression and PTSD in a Cambodian population unaffected by war: comparing the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Harvard Trauma Questionnaire with the structured clinical interview","volume":"195","author":"Silove","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmh.10.1.31","article-title":"Increased prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression in displaced tsunami survivors from southern Thailand","volume":"10","author":"Silove","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib2","unstructured":"The Nordic African Institute: ethno-religious conflicts in Northern Nigeria. 2012."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.5.444","article-title":"Mental health of Kosovan Albanian refugees in the UK","volume":"182","author":"Turner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib3","unstructured":"United States Institute of Peace (USIP): Nigeria\u05f3s 2011 Elections: best run, but most violent. 2011;"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.585","article-title":"Mental health symptoms following war and repression in eastern afghanistan","volume":"292","author":"WF","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.536","article-title":"Clinical assessments and trauma testimonies of newly resettled bosnian refugees","volume":"152","author":"Weine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050_bib29","series-title":"Mental Health: New Understanding","first-page":"2001","author":"World health report","year":"2001"}],"container-title":["Journal of Affective Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032714005394?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165032714005394?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T01:14:09Z","timestamp":1759022049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165032714005394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0165032714005394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0327","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlates of depression among internally displaced persons after post-election violence in Kaduna, North Western Nigeria","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Affective Disorders","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2014.08.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}